Research On The Architectural Form And Culture Of Fuchuan Yao Nationality Wind And Rain Bridge

Fuchuan County has a long history.It was built in the Western Han Dynasty for more than 2,000 years(111 BC).Fuchuan County is an indispensable place for the "Xiaohe Ancient Road" and is an important node of the Chu-Yue Pass.It has also been called the "Gaofeng Corridor" since ancient times.The Yao nationality is mainly distributed in the neighboring regions of China's Guangxi Autonomous Region,Guizhou Province and Hunan Province.Geographical distribution shows relatively concentrated characteristics,especially in the population distribution of Guangxi Autonomous Region.The Yao nationality in Fuchuan County was the earliest in the late Tang and early Song dynasties.During the Hongwu years of the Ming dynasty,many towns and villages in the county had been built.Since the beginning of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,many Yao villages have begun to build wind and rain bridges.They are not only vehicles for wading through water,but also symbols of Yao culture and national spirit.Based on the research of the Yao nationality wind and rain bridge in Fuchuan County,Guangxi,this thesis takes the history and culture of Fuchuan Yao nationality and the natural environment of existence as the clues,and discusses the Yao nationality from villages to temples and stage.The similarities and differences between the wind and rain bridge buildings of the Dai and Yao nationalities were compared,and the reasons were tried to explore.There are 27 Yao Nationality Wind and Rain Bridges built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Fuchuan.The earliest wind and rain bridges were built more than 400 years ago.The wind and rain bridge is mainly distributed in the villages of Chaodong,Mailing and Chengbei in Fuchuan County,or it spans the stream in the village,or stands in the village mouth field.The upper structure of the bridge is mostly dominated by a bucket-type wooden frame,supplemented by a beam-lifting type.The bridge pavilions are mostly on the top of Xieshan Mountain,and there are also hard mountain peaks.Horse-head walls are built at both ends of the bridge,and the main components are mostly large firs and long stones.The substructure is supported by a single-hole or porous stone arch,as well as simply supported wooden beams and stone beams.Many wind and rain bridges were built without using nails and ridges,which reflects the superb building technology of the ancient Yao people.The dissertation first sorted out the system of Fuchuan County and found that the system of Fuchuan County was very early,and the county government office was basically stable.Then it is described that Fuchuan County is an inevitable place for the passage of Hunan and Guangdong,and it is also known as the "Gaofeng Corridor".It then describes the migration history of the Fuchuan Yao people over the past millennium,and outlines two major characteristics of the folk beliefs of the Fuchuan Yao people,namely the belief in Taoism and the numerous local deities.Then,through the pictures,tables,text,CAD drawings and other ways to focus on the building type and stress characteristics of the wind and rain bridge,these are the core and focus of the paper.Furthermore,the cultural characteristics of the Fuchuan Yao people are demonstrated from aspects such as the selection of the bridge name of wind and rain Bridge,the consideration of the location of the bridge,and the spiritual attributes of wind and rain Bridge except for its purely instrumental role.Finally,by exploring the similarities and differences of the wind and rain bridge buildings of the Dai and Yao nationalities and the reasons for their formation,the ideological connotation of the Yao nationality is further explored.The name of Fengyuqiao has two major characteristics.One is taken from essays or poems.Such as Zhong Ling,Yuxiu,Dengyu,Chaoyang,Xinglong,Dongyu and so on.The other is that there are many "dragon" characters in the bridge name.There may be four reasons for this.One is that the ancestors of the Yao ethnic group were hailed as a "dragon dog".Second,this is the embodiment of Taoism in the Fuchuan Yao nationality.Qinglong is one of the "four images" of Taoism and is called "Meng Zhangjun".Thirdly,this is the embodiment of the yin and yang harmony of the Yao people and the harmonious coexistence of all things.Fourth,this is the embodiment of the culture of ancient architecture.Many wind and rain bridges were built in Fuchuan Yao village,or the result of two factors.First,the village is located along the "Xiaohe Ancient Road".For thousands of years,the business has been continuous and people flow through it,which has laid a certain material foundation for the construction of the wind and rain bridge.The second is the in-depth exchange between the local Yao and Han cultures.The rich cultural connotations of multiple ethnic groups have played a key role in guiding the formation of the Fengyu Bridge architecture.There are also wind and rain bridges in the Qiang villages in Guilin,Guangxi.They have similar features to the Fuchuan Yao wind and rain bridges in form and shape.The reason may be that the ancient "Xiaohe Ancient Road" and "Xianggui Ancient Road" all started from Yongling Lingling.In the Ming Dynasty,Yongzhou Yiyu also built a wind and rain bridge.However,unlike the public buildings in the Dai village,there are no drum towers and wind and rain bridges in the Fuchuan Yao village.The wind and rain bridge,temples,and stage in the village are representative works of the Fuchuan Yao public buildings.To this day,they are still a gathering place for local villagers' festivals and gatherings to talk and chat on weekdays.They are an important product of the Yao culture and an invaluable wealth left to the world.As a cultural phenomenon,architecture is the result of the combined effects of many factors,and its formation and development are extremely complex dynamic processes.The Yao wind and rain Bridge is not an isolated chapter.They are a composite product of the history,living customs,folk beliefs,culture and art,economic life and other factors of the local people in Fuchuan.The profound culture of the wind and rain bridge architecture strongly reflects the ideological characteristics of the Yao people.