A Comparative Study On The Large Wooden Structures Of The Hall Of Mental Cultivation And The Hall Of Spiritual Cultivation In The Forbidden City In Beijing

The Forbidden City of Beijing was built in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty and in the eighteenth year of Yongle.The Forbidden City of Beijing has a history of more than 600 years from the Ming Dynasty,the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China until the founding of new China.At the same time,the Ming and Qing Dynasties were also a period of rapid development of Chinese ancient architecture wood technology.The Hall of Mental Cultivation is located in the west side of Palace of Heavenly Purity in the Forbidden City,and its main hall has a large wooden structure left over from the middle of Ming Dynasty.The Hall of Spiritual Cultivation is located in the Spiritual gate of Palace of Tranquil Longevity,which was built in the middle of Qing Dynasty to imitate the Hall of Mental Cultivation of the inner court.In this paper,starting from the case study of the Hall of Mental Cultivation and the Hall of Spiritual Cultivation,the author chooses the angle of big wooden frame,adopts the method of comparative study,and makes a comparative study of the two by comparing the “Building Method” of Song Dynasty and the “Engineering Practice” of Qing Dynasty,analyzes and studies the characteristics of plane form,beam frame structure,vertical structure,dougong style,and several parts of Dougong This paper analyzes and interprets the big wood structure of the main hall of the Hall of Mental Cultivation and the Hall of Spiritual Cultivation,and puts forward some thoughts,proving that although they have many similarities in the type,size and function,they still have their obvious characteristics of the times in the big wood structure,which lays a foundation for the comparative study of the big wood works of Ming and Qing Dynasties.In addition,Xieshan architecture is one of the most important roof forms of ancient Chinese architecture.Among the buildings of the Imperial Palace in Beijing,Xieshan architecture accounts for the largest proportion and has a complete variety.On the basis of a large-scale field investigation,this paper selects the typical Xieshan buildings with clear chronology,well preserved status and complete drawings in the Imperial Palace in Beijing as examples,supplemented by literature,to analyze and study them,and further improve the comparative study of architectural timber in Ming and Qing Dynasties.