| Ming and Qing are the last two dynasties of feudal society in Chinese history,and Beijing City,as the capital of the last two feudal dynasties,has become a master of ancient Chinese capitals after more than 500 years of construction,expansion,and reconstruction,and it runs through the whole.Under the jurisdiction of the city’s central axis,it has an unparalleled urban pattern and urban space! The continuous development of the city walls and city gates has formed a complete system.With its magnificent scale,it has become the boundary and node defined by the spatial pattern of the capital city.It is the product of the externalization of the ancient capital city planning,cultural interests,and power system.In addition to becoming the skeleton and important node of urban space,the continuous city walls and heavy gates are also the starting point and symbol of urban space changes under the guidance of the central axis.The basis of the research on the spatial pattern of the capital.You’anmen is representative of the outer city gates in terms of layout and architectural form.It is located in the capital city of Liao and Jin dynasties.It also has a rich cultural atmosphere and natural landscape.It is also an important transportation hub and southwest part of the outer city The important gateway for the Central Plains and Eastern cities to enter the capital,its complete gate layout across the Ming and Qing Dynasties is very representative in time and space.This article combs and analyzes the relevant literature and historical data of the construction of the outer city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,sorts out the historical evolution of the outer city gate,and summarizes the surveying and mapping data of the outer city gate.Taking You’anmen as an example The study of building systems and structural practices has deepened the understanding of the construction system of the city gate buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the urban spatial sequence of the central axis of Beijing.The full text is divided into six chapters:The first chapter first puts forward the research significance and purpose of the subject,expounds the research status of the central axis and the city gate,and formulates the corresponding research framework and research method.The second chapter summarizes the characteristics of urban spatial structure in ancient China,analyzes the interrelationship between the urban pattern and the central axis of the ancient capitals,and discusses the interaction between the central axis,the central axis space and the urban pattern of the Beijing metropolis in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in more detail.Analyze the characteristics of the overall urban spatial pattern and some components under the jurisdiction of the central axis.The third chapter analyzes the relationship between the central axis of the Beijing capital and the city gates.First,the general evolution of the Beijing city pattern and the historical evolution of the city gate construction in the outer city are sorted out in time,and then the city gates are analyzed spatially The distribution position and architectural characteristics of the central axis under the jurisdiction of the central axis try to reveal the role of the central axis in the process of urban evolution in time and space on the node of the urban space boundary-the city gate.The forth chapter explains the spatial location,historical evolution and architectural characteristics of You’anmen and You’anmen from the historical background,the relationship with the inside and outside of the city,the overall layout of You’anmen and the form of single building elements.The fifth chapter starts the speculative restoration research on You’anmen.First,it conducts the basis analysis of restoration,combs the relevant construction literature,and analyzes the related surveying and mapping data of You’anmen combined with historical image data and modern people ’s construction of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Achievements of the research carried out restoration studies,completed the overall layout of You’anmen and the architectural restoration of its tower and arrow tower.The sixth chapter is a review of the restoration of You’anmen.It compares the restored three-dimensional model with the historical images,lists the areas that conflict with the survey data during the restoration process,and analyzes them.Finally,it summarizes the restoration The remaining problems.Finally,there is the conclusion section,which takes You’anmen as an example to discuss the central axis and the urban pattern under the influence of the Chinese and foreign city gates.This group summarizes the relationship between the city gates of the Beijing capital during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the city gates in time and The relationship between the space and the city in the spatial dimension,explores the influence of the construction of the relevant thinking mode,cultural system,and actual conditions on the gate architecture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. |
