Quantitative Study On Indoor Thermal Adaptation Behaviors Of Occupants Based On Skin Temperature

The energy consumption of buildings in China is increasing day by day,and has reached 30% of the total social energy consumption,and 50%-70% of building energy consumption is for heating and air conditioning equipment.A large number of studies show that the appropriate use of thermal adaptation behavior can reduce the energy consumption of indoor Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning(HVAC)system by more than half.According to the thermal adaptation behavior of occupants in different thermal environment,it corresponds to different occupants' comfort zones and energy revenue points.Therefore,quantitative research on the thermal adaptation behavior of occupants in the actual building plays an important role in increasing the control boundary of HVAC equipment and reducing the energy consumption of HVAC system.It is of great significance to standardize the application of various building energy-saving technologies and reasonably formulate building energy-saving standards and policies.However,the current quantitative research on thermal adaptation behavior in buildings is inadequate,and the methods mostly focus on the indoor and outdoor meteorological indicators and the prediction of behavior occurrence probability by subjective thermal response.In the absence of the mechanism significance of behavior feedback,there is also the inability to quantify the benefits among thermal adaptation behavior,thermal comfort and energy consumption.There is a physiological index regulating effect between indoor cold and heat stimulation and human behavior feedback.At the same time,compared with thermal sensation,physiological indexes are easy to be measured objectively,which can reflect the mechanism driven by thermal adaptation behavior,but also more suitable for the real-time prediction of behavior and the real-time auxiliary control of indoor HVAC system.Therefore,this paper proposes the basic research framework of thermal adaptation behavior based on human skin temperature,and conducts quantitative research on human thermal adaptation behavior combined with semi controlled artificial climate chamber experiment.The experiment designed different background temperature to stimulate the subjects to take adaptive behavior,in order to quantify the behavior benefit through the measured skin temperature.The objective parameters to be measured mainly includes: indoor and outdoor environment parameters,human skin temperature,etc.;The content of subjective questionnaire includes: basic information of subjects,thermal sensation,thermal comfort,thermal expectation of subjects before and after the behavior,thermal adaptation behavior of subjects,etc.;during the experiment,objective parameter measurement lasts for the whole experiment,and subjective questionnaire sets time interval before the behavior occurs and answer immediately after the behavior.Based on the data collected from the experiment,this paper describes the distribution of human body's subjective thermal response,skin temperature and thermal adaptation behavior under different experimental conditions one by one.After discussing the correlation between adaptive subjective thermal response and skin temperature and thermal adaptation behavior respectively,human thermal sensation is used as a bridge to analyze the correlation between human skin temperature and thermal adaptation behavior.It is confirmed that skin temperature can be used to quantify thermal adaptation behavior.Furthermore,the theory and specific practice of establishing the quantitative model of thermal adaptation behavior based on skin temperature are put forward.The core of the model is: 1)breaking through the traditional quantitative method which emphasizes "the probability of behavior occurrence",and using the increment of skin temperature to express the hot and cold benefits of different thermal adaptation behavior to human body.The proposed "behavior increment model" is further extended to the behavior increment model of different behaviors in different thermal environments.2)When the thermal adaptation behavior still cannot meet the human comfort,the air conditioning regulation margin is proposed to meet.The conversion relationship between air conditioning increment and air temperature is established for auxiliary control of HVAC system.On the basis of the model,two follow-up methods are proposed to guide building energy saving.One is to guide the behavior classification of indoor occupants and put forward suggestions for air-conditioning control points.The specific methods are as follows: the behavior increment is used to sort the thermal adaptation behavior under different temperatures,then the optimal benefit of behavior can be selected;when the optimal behavior cannot meet the thermal comfort,the increment undertaken by the air-conditioning system is calculated and transformed with the air temperature,then the corresponding air conditioning control points is identified.The other is to develop the indoor HVAC control system based on the thermal adaptation behavior.The specific method is to design the acquisition module,in order to collect indoor and outdoor air temperatures and human skin temperatures;the control logic is designed,and the control idea is the optimal thermal adaptation behavior first,air conditioning control actions after.The overall research results show that the quantitative method of thermal adaptation behavior based on human skin temperature is simple and effective,which can not only accurately and quantitatively describe the comfort benefits of different thermal behaviors to human body,but also can be quickly and conveniently applied to the behavior assisted HVAC control system.It is conducive to promoting the building energy-saving work of our country to move towards the direction based on the actual life style of occupants.