| China is facing serious shortage of energy and water resources.Industrial activities are the main process of energy and water consumption and result in amounts of carbon emissions.Therefore,in the process of rapid industrialization,the dependence of industrial activities on energy and water resources is even more significant and the nexus between industrial carbon and water footprints are more complicated.Under the background of energy and water shortages and global warming,the level of industrial carbon and water footprint circulation efficiency is an important impact factor for achieving the multiple goals of energy,water conservation and carbon emission reduction in regional economic development.Recently,the nexus research of regional water,energy,carbon and other factors has become one of the hotspots of interdisciplinary research.Thus,under the perspective of the “carbon-water” footprint nexus,the research on carrying out the regional distribution pattern and efficiency of the carbon and water footprint circulation between industries are great theoretical and practical significance for future regional industrial structure optimization and sustainable development.This article takes Henan Province as an example to study the circulations of regional industrial carbon and water footprint.Input-output model was used to calculate the industrial carbon and water circulation direction and efficiency in Henan Province.Based on this,carbon and water footprint circulation pathway of the industrial system in Henan Province were analized.Finally,industrial development policies for the multiple goals of energy conservation,water conservation and carbon emission reduction in Henan Province were put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The carbon footprint is mainly concentrated in the certain secondary industries,and water footprint in agriculture.For industries with larger carbon water footprints,the INF or IND is greater.Among the secondary industries in Henan province in 2012,industry of mining,industry of petroleum,and the production and supply of electric,heat and water are the three industries with larger carbon footprint,accounting for 72.81% of the total carbon footprint of all industries so their INF and IND are both larger than 1.Agriculture and the production and supply of electric,heat and water have the largest water footprint,accounting for 64.02% of the water footprint of all industries in Henan Province in 2012 and both industries' INF and IND are larger than 1.In 2012,the average carbon footprint efficiency of the seven industries with higher carbon footprint efficiency among all industries in Henan Province was 173,600 yuan / t,while the average carbon footprint efficiency of the eight lower was merely 0.48 million yuan / t.Similarly,the average of 5 industries with higher water footprint efficiency is 49.91 times of 5 lower industries.(2)The circulation of carbon and water footprints between different industries is not match.The indirect utility of the circulation reveals the interrelationship of industries,competitive,predator-prey or mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.In 2012,the carbon footprint inflows amount of the manufacture of foods and tobacco,industry of non-metallic products,industry of smelting and pressing of metals,manufacture of electromechanical,construction,and other service industries is larger and the average is 21304.06 Mt in Henan province.While the carbon footprint inflows amount of the industry of mining,industry of petroleum,other industry,the production and supply of electric,heat and water,industry of freight and post is smaller and the average is 2632.81 Mt.The water footprint inflows amount of the manufacture of foods and tobacco,industry of non-metallic products,industry of smelting and pressing of metals,manufacture of electromechanical,construction,industry of commercial and catering is larger and the average is 75.64?108 m3.While the water footprint inflows amount of the industry of mining,manufacture of papering and printing,the production and supply of electric,heat and water is smaller and the average is 8.67?108 m3.It can be concluded that the carbon and water footprints of different industries is mismatch,and this mismatch can be revealed by the indirect effect of the mutual circulation of industrial carbon and water footprints.(3)The carbon and water footprint circulation efficiency of different industries is affected by the footprint and IND of the footprint outflow industry,the INF of the footprint inflow industry,and the indirect utility of the footprint circulation of the two industries simultaneously.There is a difference in the efficiency of the circulation of carbon and water footprints in different industries.The circulations with large efficiency in the industrial mutual circulation of carbon and water footprints have a key role in achieving regional energy and water conservation goals.(4)According to the consistency of the industry's carbon and water footprint circulation and indirect utility,all industries are classified by three types.The first type is carbon and water footprint outflow industries,such as agriculture,Industry of Mining,The production and supply of electric,heat and water.Then,the secondary type is carbon and water footprint flow through industry,such as manufacture of textiles,manufacture of wearing apparel,industry of metal productions.Finally,the third type is carbon and water footprint inflow industry,such as manufacture of electromechanical,construction,other services industries.The main carbon and water footprint circulation direction of all industries in Henan Province in 2012 can be divided into two.Flow 1 is “carbon and water footprint outflow industry” ? “carbon and water footprint flow through industry” ? “carbon and water footprint inflow industry”(80%),and Flow 2 is “carbon and water footprint outflow industry” ? “carbon and water footprint inflow industry”(18%).The circulation pathway of regional industrial carbon and water footprint is affected by the industry's attributes,location of the industrial chain,and the interregional trade structure.Based on the above analysis,the policy recommendations for industrial development in Henan Province are as follows: Firstly,it is recommended that Henan Province implement various water-saving measures for agriculture in the future to improve the efficiency of agricultural water footprint.Secondly,Henan province should pay attention to the circulation efficiency of industrial footprint and promote the development of efficient circulation industry chains.For instence,it is supposed to focus on the development of the agriculture,manufacture of foods and tobacco,industry of commercial and catering chains,and increase the added value of agricultural products.Optimize the development of manufacture of textiles,manufacture of wearing apparel,other services industries chains,along with improving the innovation capacity and increasing the number of high-end independent brands of the chain.Thirdly,reduce footprint exports in interregional trade,and import certain petroleum products.Finally,Henan Province should formulate industrial low-carbon policies to guide the upgrading of industrial structure.Promote the carbon and water footprint inflow industry such as manufacture of electromechanical,and tertiary industry to optimize the industrial structure. |
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