Research On Measurement And Evaluation Of Tourism Water Footprint In Shandong Province

In the context of the new era,in order to realize the transformation and upgrading of tourism,the relationship between tourism development and ecological environment must be properly handled,and the beautiful industry with the ultimate goal of pursuing green environmental protection and ecological civilization should be developed.Tourism is a sunrise industry with natural connection with resources and ecological environment.Water resource is an important natural resource in maintaining ecological balance and a scarce strategic economic resource in maintaining national development.Strengthening the protection and management of water resources in tourism and improving the utilization efficiency of water resources in tourism are of great significance for preventing and solving the water resources crisis in tourist destinations and maintaining the sustainable development of tourism.The important premise for the protection and management of tourism water resources is to evaluate the utilization of water resources in tourism activities scientifically and effectively.Starting from the water footprint theory,this paper combines the industrial chain theory,water resource carrying capacity theory and environmental economics theory to build a regional tourism water footprint measurement and evaluation model.The tourism water footprint measurement model includes water footprint of transportation,accommodation,catering,sightseeing and shopping.The evaluation indexes are per capita tourism water footprint and water footprint intensity.According to the actual situation of tourism development in Shandong province,the tourism water footprint in Shandong province from 2013 to 2017 was measured and evaluated to clarify the consumption and utilization of water resources by the tourism industry in Shandong province and explore the regional differences in the utilization efficiency of water resources in the tourism industry in Shandong province.The conclusions are as follows:From 2013 to 2017,the water footprint of Shandong province’s tourism transportation,tourism accommodation,tourism catering,tourism sightseeing and tourism shopping has little change in the proportion of the total water footprint of Shandong province’s tourism.The largest proportion is the water footprint of tourism catering,accounting for about 58%,which is the main part of the total tourism water footprint.The water footprint of tourism transportation accounts for about 19%.The water footprint of tourism shopping and tourism accommodation is about 13% and 7% respectively.The smallest proportion is the water footprint of tourism sightseeing,which accounts for about 3%.The water footprint of tourism catering in Shandong province decreased for three consecutive years from 2013 to 2015,and recovered somewhat from 2016 to 2017.The water footprint of transportation,accommodation and sightseeing increased continuously from 2013 to 2017.The water footprint of tourism shopping showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend from 2013 to 2017,with a small decreasing amplitude.As the water footprint of tourism catering for a large proportion in the total water footprint of tourism,the overall change trend of the total water footprint of tourism from 2013 to 2017 is consistent with that of tourism catering,both of which decrease first and then increase,presenting a u-shaped change trend.From 2013 to 2017,the per capita tourism water footprint in Shandong province showed a trend of decreasing year by year,with the decreasing speed slowing down year by year.The variation of the 17 cities is complex,and the difference between the cities with the largest per capita water footprint and the cities with the smallest is about 2 times.The difference of the 17 cities in Shandong province is large.From 2013 to 2017,the tourism water footprint intensity of Shandong province also showed a trend of decreasing year by year.Similar to the situation of per capita tourism water footprint,the variation of tourism water footprint intensity in 17 cities is relatively complex,and the difference between the cities with the largest tourism water footprint intensity and the smallest tourism water footprint intensity is about 3 to 4 times.There is an obvious regional difference in the tourism water footprint intensity in Shandong province.From 2013 to 2017,the standard deviation of Shandong province’s tourism water footprint intensity showed a steady decline trend,and the absolute difference of Shandong province’s tourism water footprint intensity was decreasing year by year.The relative difference of tourism water footprint intensity in sShandong province presents an inverted u-shaped change trend on the whole,but the change range of relative difference value is not large.The regional imbalance in the development of inbound tourism in Shandong province is alleviated,but the regional difference still exists obviously,which cannot be ignored.The differences in the utilization efficiency of water resources in the tourism industry between 17 cities in Shandong province gradually expanded during 2013-2016,but the differences in the utilization efficiency of water resources in the tourism industry significantly decreased during 2016-2017.The regional difference contribution rate of water footprint intensity in Shandong province is much higher than inter-regional difference contribution rate.The regional difference is the main factor that leads to the spatial difference of water footprint intensity in Shandong province.The contribution rate of the western Shandong province to the regional difference of Shandong province’s tourism water footprint intensity is above 44%.The spatial difference of the western Shandong province’s tourism water footprint intensity is an important factor leading to the difference of Shandong province’s tourism water footprint intensity.The spatial difference of tourism water footprint intensity in Shandong province mainly comes from the regional difference rather than the inter-regional difference.In order to promote the balanced development of Shandong province’s tourism industry and improve the overall efficiency of water resources utilization in Shandong province,we should focus on narrowing the differences in the intensity of tourism water footprint within the region.The key is to narrow the difference of water footprint intensity of tourism in western Shandong province.It is suggested to improve the water resource utilization efficiency of the tourism industry in shandong province by taking such water resource management measures as gradually improving the process of promoting water-saving catering service,reasonably planning the tourist traffic routes,encouraging the use of new energy vehicles,promoting the recycling use of water resources,and increasing the publicity of water environment protection.