Research Of Effects On The Scenic Zone In Ningbo And Zhoushan Areas By Buddhism

As the combination of nature and culture,scenic area is developing as the product of integration with natural landscape under the influence of some factors such as political factor,economic factor and religious factor.Scenic areas that are heavily influenced by Buddhism enjoy the unity in religious activities and the construction of scenic areas.Such activities and construction make improvements to influence each other,which sets the pattern and appearance of the scenic area.In this research,the method of literature analysis and the field survey method are applied to study the impact of the development of Buddhism in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas in different historical periods on the formation,distribution and landscape features of scenic areas from the perspective of history,so as to strengthen the related historical researches on the integrate and systematic parts of scenic areas in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas.The main research results are as follows.Firstly,the development of scenic areas in different period is different in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas when studying and analyzing the Buddhism development and its ideological characteristics,the activities of monk and distribution of landscape affecting by Buddhism in various period after conducting researches on a large amount of ancient and modern documents.Period from Three Kingdoms Period to the Northern and Southern Dynasties could be regarded as the sprouting period of scenic areas in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas,which is featured with the exploration of scenic spot in site selection.After that,Buddhism flourished in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas as the ideology of Zen(Hongzhou School)and Kwan-yin were introduced during Sui and Tang dynasties.At this time,the pattern of scenic spots in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas has taken shape as the number of new temples increased and monk activities became frequent.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the landscape characteristics of the scenic area in Ningbo and Zhouzhou area were already very obvious,featuring with the increasing number of Buddhist scenic resources(like temples,pagodas,etc.),the attention paid to the construction on landscaped environment and the appearance of scenic buildings such as pavilion,corridor and bridge.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development trend of scenic areas with the construction center of Ningbo and Zhouzhou area moving into Putuo Mountain and Zhaobao Mountain.Besides,the construction of scenic areas pays attention to the construction of landscape features on both sides of the road system by sea.After the Republic of China,the construction of scenic areas,conserving Buddhism culture at the same time,has made great improvements in tourist service with thesupport of China government in Ningbo and Zhoushan areas.Secondly,combined with the field research cases,this paper analyzes and summarizes the influence of Buddhism on the landscape characteristics of scenic areas from three aspects including the temple site selection,spatial sequence organization and artistic conception construction.Under the influence of Buddhism's view of “oneness of heaven and earth”,“everything are consistent in essence”,“perfectly fused” theory and the scholar's landscape aesthetic,the site selection of temples made by monks are affected by people's worship on mountains and rivers.Taking the rich natural space connotation of mountains and their natural landscape resources as the base site for the construction of monasteries and scenic spots,the excellent environment for the monks to cultivate their self-cultivation by using water to create scenery.The temple and scenic area siting are based on the-rich natural space connotation of the mountains and the looming local natural space.Besides,the monks creates the excellent environment to cultivate their self-cultivation by using water to create scenery.Under the influence of the Buddhist thought of "Good retribution",monks mainly use the road system,landscape changes in different seasons together with landscape changes in altitude as the cause fruit sequence of the bridge,so that the scenic area formed a complete spatial sequence.The scenic area's atmosphere of Zen and construct the natural scenery were influenced by monks,emperors and scholars through the grasp of the space environment image,management and re-creation of the scene of the Pure Land of Buddha.With the combination of other scenic resources,climate resources and some special scenic spots represented by cliff carving and stupa,it jointly formed the landscape characteristics of scenic area with distinctive features of Ningbo and Zhoushan areas.Thirdly,under the influence of Buddhism's view of “pity-inspiring exercise” and “grateful heart”,the Buddhist were constructing of monasteries focuses on the protection of natural resources and ecological environment around the buildings.The overall layout of Buddhist temples in the scenic areas of Ningbo and Zhoushan areas are influenced by functional layout and natural environment.And the axle wire is used in plane layout while other layout forms such as courtyard type,scattered type and concentrated type also used according to different environment.Besides,four ways including spatial sequence organization,spatial contrast,spatial permeability and level and creation for garden environment are applied to set off the Buddhist atmosphere and to create deep and serene garden environment.