Research On Occupational Stability And Influencing Factors Of Construction Migrant Workers Under The Background Of Intergenerational Differences

With the development of urbanization,the dramatic reduction of migrant workers in construction industry and the acceleration of aging have made the sustainable development of construction labor force face severe challenges.According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics(the National Survey Report on Migrant Workers in 2013),29.5% of the older generation of migrant workers are engaged in construction industry and 26.5% in manufacturing industry,while 39% of the new generation of migrant workers are engaged in manufacturing industry and 14.5% in construction industry.The proportion of the new generation of migrant workers working in the construction industry has declined significantly,less than half of the old generation.In terms of the overall number of migrant workers in the whole industry,the National Survey Report on Peasant Workers in 2017 shows that the proportion of migrant workers in construction industry is 18.9%,which is 0.8 percentage points lower than that of last year.This proportion has been declining for three years,and the form of supply and demand of labor force in construction industry is no longer optimistic.However,through the analysis of the existing relevant literature,most scholars focus on the whole migrant workers or only the new generation of migrant workers in the whole industry,lacking of comparative analysis and the attention to the older generation of migrant workers and construction industry migrant workers.In view of this lack of research,this paper intends to focus on the construction industry migrant workers,through field research of their workers.This paper studies the causes and differences of the low occupational stability of the two generations of migrant workers in construction industry.Therefore,under the background of the shortage of labor force and the lack of competitiveness in the construction industry,we should solve the demands and pain points of the new and the old generation of migrant workers,so as to effectively attract the new forces of migrant workers,curb the loss of migrant workers from the existing construction industry to other industries,and stabilize the coordinated and sustainable development of the construction industry.At the beginning of this study,the relevant theories of migrant workers’ occupational stability,labor mobility and the research results of existing scholars on the employment-related issues of migrant workers were analyzed,and a questionnaire on the characteristics of migrant workers’ occupational stability was formed.Facing the field survey of migrant workers in Chongqing construction industry,the inter-generational differences of the relevant characteristics of migrant workers’ occupational stability and agriculture were analyzed.Then,through the literature review,the paper identifies the impact indicators of migrant workers’ occupational stability,constructs the index system of this study by using Delphi method and demonstrates it on the theoretical basis;at the same time,based on the theoretical basis,the research results of other scholars and the investigation of the status of migrant workers’ occupational stability in Chongqing construction industry,The paper puts forward the theoretical hypothesis of this paper and constructs the migrant workers in construction industry.The theoretical model of influencing factors of occupational stability is established.Afterwards,on the basis of the previous index system,the questionnaire is designed and revised through the pretest questionnaire to form a formal questionnaire.The data collected from the formal questionnaire are sorted out for descriptive statistical analysis,and the theoretical model of occupational stability of migrant workers in construction industry is verified by structural equation model.The hypothetical conclusions after verification are obtained.Then,through the multi-group structural equation model,the differences between the new generation and the old generation of migrant workers in construction industry are analyzed,and study the differences of influencing factors of occupational stability between the new generation and the old generation of migrant workers.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Human capital positively affects occupational stability;(2)Social capital negatively affects occupational stability;(3)Family environment positively affects occupational stability;(4)Business environment positively affects occupational stability;(5)Policy security environment positively affects occupational stability;and new and old generation migrant workers in construction industry implement multi-group difference analysis results found that for the new generation of migrant workers in construction industry,in all aspects of social environment they are facing,their occupational stability is most affected by the characteristics of social capital,family environment and enterprise environment.These three factors have strong effects on them,while the other two potential variables have relatively weak effects on them.For the older generation of migrant workers,the characteristics of human capital and enterprise environment are the most important factors.Enterprise environment has a strong impact on occupational stability,while the other three factors have a relatively weak impact on occupational stability.Based on this conclusion,we finally get the factors that play a major role in the occupational stability of the new and old generation of migrant workers in the construction industry.According to the conclusion of the study,the factors affecting the occupational stability of the new and old generation of migrant workers in the construction industry are different,but their occupational stability is affected by a variety of factors,so it can not be improved or promoted from one aspect alone.Thus,the author puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions on strengthening the occupational stability of migrant workers in construction industry from three aspects: government level,enterprise level and migrant workers themselves.Finally,this paper elaborates the current research situation and conclusions,clearly points out the limitations of this study and puts forward some possible future research prospects.