| The mismatch between the urban allocation of parking facilities and the growth rate of vehicle ownership leads to the increasingly serious problem of urban parking.Chaotic parking management and unreasonable charging mechanism lead to illegal parking and uneven use of parking space,which aggravate urban traffic congestion.With the adjustment of price leverage,the scientific and rational differential parking charging scheme can induce the residents’ travel behavior and parking behavior,reduce the usage intensity of the car in the central city,control the parking demand for the roadside,and reduce the long-term parking and illegal parking on the roadside,release road resources,further alleviate urban traffic congestion and relieve urban traffic pressure.The differentiation of parking charges is reflected in three aspects: parking facility differentiation,level differentiation,and time differentiation.On the basis of the research on parking charges at home and abroad,according to the functional positioning of parking facilities,parking spaces are divided into roadside parking spaces,off-street parking spaces,parking spaces,and parking spaces under express roads.Synthetically considerating parking turnover rate,road grade,land use nature and traffic congestion index,etc.,a method of dividing the toll road segments into different levels by using the K-means algorithm is proposed.The charging time is divided into working days and non-working days according to the travel time distribution of urban residents.In accordance with the pricing principles and influencing factors of parking charges,the construction cost,operation cost and reasonable income of parking facilities are weighed,and the basic rate pricing model based on cost-benefit analysis is established.The basic rate of parking charges is acquired by solving the model,revised according to the city’s vehicle ownership and income level,and the revised rate is taken as the toll rate for the non-working day of the roadside first-grade berth.On this basis,the rate proportionality coefficient is determined by the difference between the non-working day charging rate of the roadside first-grade berth and the other charging category rate,and the differentiated parking charging price is acquired.Considering the impact of parking price on the choice of residents’ travel modes,adopt the charging method that the rate increases or decreases with the parking time,encourages or punishes the parking behavior,set charging schemes for different reward and punishment levels to realize the induction of parking demand and alleviate traffic congestion.Taking the pilot area of parking charge in Changchun as an example,the status quo of parking in the pilot area is analyzed.According to the classification and pricing method of differential parking charges,the price of differentiated parking charges within the scope of the Changchun toll pilot is calculated.Based on this,three parking charging schemes are designed.And from the perspective of financial efficiency and sensitivity,the charging plan is evaluated,and the optimal plan with stable income and strong risk resistance is selected. |
