Study On The Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Chinese Traditional Villages

Chinese traditional village,formerly known as the ancient village,which are been built before 1980.The Chinese Traditional Villages are the crystallization of farming civilization and traditional cultural heritage.Every traditional villages reflects a specific historical period,specific geographical conditions,economic,political,cultural and other social aspects of development.However,with the rapid advance of urbanization,traditional villages are disappearing.To protect traditional villages is of significant in contemporary society.On the basis of the traditional villages list published by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,by the end of 2016,4153 villages are chosen as research object.By using statistical analysis and spatial analysis(GIS)methods,this article analyses the spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese traditional villages,studying the relation between spatial distribution of traditional villages and influencing factors,including altitude,slope,river,population,economy,traffic,city pattern,ethnic,culture and tourism.Moreover,based on these studies,this article also tries to classify the Chinese traditional villages:The result of this study are listed as follows:First,there are obvious difference in spatial distribution of Chinese traditional village,but most of villages has the edge effect which means they are close to the edge of nations,provinces and cities.On the national scale,4 1 53 traditional villages have formed five clusters,which have different levels.From high to low,the areas are Guizhou-Guangxi-Hunan border,Anhui-Zhejiang-Jiangxi border,Southeast Yunnan,Northwest Yunnan and Heibei-Heinan?Shanxi border areas.Distribution is also extremely uneven in the regional scale,besides,different batches of the village have large changes.Second,natural factors have a negative impact on traditional villages,with regularity.Elevation,slope,and river distance have the threshold of 2000 m?12.5%?15000 m.The negative influence is obvious within the threshold,and the influence outside the threshold is not significant.The threshold of natural factors can be understood as the minimum value of the traditional village on the environment,or the highest tolerance to the negative environment.Third,the impacts of the population and ethnic are negative but have a clear threshold.However,the specific mechanism is different:the population is the basis of the existence of the village,so sparse population cannot produce more traditional villages.The negative influence of the nation is the result of the formation of ethnic minorities in China's multi-ethnic form of special results,which contains the different national cultural habits of the differences.The impacts of city and traffic to traditional village are two-way.Respectively,40%of the urbanization rate and 0.75 km/km2 road density are the critical value,.Within the value the impact is positive while outside the value the impact is negative.In addition,the impact of economic and tourism factors on traditional villages may be more complex,but it is also two-way.Last but not least,according to the spatial difference and spatial conjugation,combined with the traditional village's own attributes,the traditional villages can be divided into four types.They are remote mountainous national type,far suburban high-level development type,far suburban average development type and suburban coastal developed type.Based on the different types of the traditional villages,there are some specific protection and development strategy.