Research On Thermal Environment Characteristics And Construction Strategy Of Traditional Dwellings In Karst Areas In Central Guizhou Province

With the speeding up of urbanization process,the building energy consumption is increasing gradually,which has a great influence to maintain the ecological sustainable development and sustainable utilization of energy in the process of urbanization,some of the traditional dwellings of very long time,due to the difficult to adapt to the demands of the development of modern life,suffered severe damage in the reform,there exists a problem of poor thermal environment of traditional houses.This not only has a serious impact on the environmental quality of traditional dwellings,but also leads to the gradual disappearance of regional characteristics of traditional dwellings.Therefore,this papper takes the thermal environment of traditional dwellings in the karst region of Middle Guizhou as the starting point for research,based on the overall perspective of the environment in Middle Guizhou,from the three aspects of thermal environment,wind environment,and humid environment summaries the regional climate characteristics and residential climate characteristics in Middle Guizhou,extractting the construction experience adapted to the local environment,selecting the typical residential buildings for the field measurement of thermal data,the deficiencies in thermal environment of residential buildings were summarized.Then discovering the adaptable improvement measures of traditional dwellings coping with the modern life in the base of Meet the regional characteristics by adaptable improvement design of the typical residence,and inductiving the corresponding construction strategies.The main findings are as follows(1)summary of thermal environment characteristics of traditional dwellings in karst area of Middle Guizhouthermal environment characteristics: Outdoor average air temperature is about 25 ? in summer,the temperature range is between 20.1 ~ 35.8 ?,indoor average air temperature in summer is 25.1 ?,temperature range is between 21.5 ~ 32.8 ?.outdoor mean air temperature is 10.8 ? in Winter,the temperature range is 5.2 ~ 15.5 ?,the indoor average air temperature in winter is 11.1 ?,the air temperature range is 5.4 ~ 15.9 ?.Characteristics of wind environment: the outdoor average wind speed in summer is 0.58m/s,and the range of wind speed is 0.1-2.2m /s.The indoor average wind speed in summer is 0.11 m /s,and the range of wind speed is between 0.05 and 0.2m/s.The outdoor average wind speed in winter is 0.28 m/s,the range of wind speed in winter is 0.1-0.6 m/s,the indoor average wind speed in winter is 0.13m/s,and the range of wind speed in winter is 0.05-0.4 m/s.Characteristics of humid environment: the outdoor average relative humidity in summer is around 68%,and the range of relative humidity is between 37.4 and 96.3%.In summer,the average indoor relative humidity is 69.7%,and the range of relative humidity is between 41.8 and 85.6%.In winter,the outdoor average relative humidity is 61.2%,and the range of relative humidity is 37% to 90.8%.The average indoor relative humidity in winter is 68.55%,and the range of relative humidity is 41.8~95.5%.(2)summary of building experience of traditional residential building in karst area of Middle GuizhouThrough theoretical research and field investigation,from the three aspects of thermal environment,wind environment and humid environment,summed up the mountain climate characteristics and characteristics of residential?s thermal environment in the karst area of Middle Guizhou.According to the relationship between the three aspects of group environment layout,architectural space form and building material structure and thermal environment,the corresponding traditional construction experience is put forward.Construction experience in thermal environment: To adjust indoor microclimate by adjusting the orientation and spacing of buildings and making full use of mountain and green environment.Attention is paid to adjusting the proportion of building body shape,adjusting the layout of functional rooms,paying attention to the use of courtyard,patio,swallow mouth and other Spaces to create a climate buffer space.Pay attention to the construction form and material selection of enclosure structure,ground and doors and Windows,so as to achieve insulation of enclosure structure.Wind environment construction experience: at the level of group environment layout,residential buildings adapt to the mountain environment and use the mountain to adjust the wind environment;Using cold lanes and indoor ventilation to reduce indoor temperature in summer;In terms of architectural space morphology,the courtyard,patio and swallow hole space are fully utilized to enhance thermal pressure ventilation,realizng ventilation and daylighting by reasonably arranging functional space;In terms of Building structural material level: Paying attention to strengthen the ventilation o f the surrounding structure,using vertical section to form thermal pressure ventilation,adjust ing the size and position of the door and window to improve the indoor ventilation environment.Experience in the construction of moist environment: At the level of group environment layout,the layout of streets and alleys s hould be controlled reasonably and increasing the size of ventilation corridor.At the level of architectural space form,the "swallow mouth" space is reasonably set to achieve ventilation and daylighting.At the level of building materials and structural,stone wall structure can play a certain role in preventing moisture.(3)summary of improvement strategies of the thermal environment?s thermal environment in karst area of Middle GuizhouBased on the traditional experience and the practice of contemporary,and through the design and software simulation of the 33 residence in Yunshan chariot,from the three aspects of group environment layout,building space form and architectural construction materials summarizes the Improvement strategy of dwelling houses thermal environment in the karst area of Middle Guizhou.Community environment layout level: The village location make full use of the surrounding environment,the best toward of building is 37.5 ° south by west;The north-south spacing coefficient should be controlled around 1.1;Increasing the north-south width;Making full use of water and plants to cool down the reside ntial buildings;Architectural spatial form: The residential form should be as orderly as possible to reduce the coefficient of residential form;Optimizing the plane function layout to achieve good air pressure ventilation;Optimizing section structure to achieve hot pressure ventilation;Optimizing the climatic buffer space of courtyard,swallow mouth and patio to adjust the thermal environment of residential buildings.Building structural materials: Optimizing roof and wall structure and updating building materials to enhance the insulation performance of the envelope;To control the ratio of Windows and walls and to optimize the construction materials to improve the insulation performance of doors and Windows.