| Since the 21 st Century,the enthusiasm of scholars on the research of greenway has continued to rise.However,the construction of greenway in China still exists such problems as highly subjective,lack of scientific analysis and so on.At the same time,people are increasingly concerned about the quality of the landscape space and visual environment,making greater demands are being placed on the greenway visual landscape construction.Visual analysis obtains quantitative data through the use of computer technology,resulting in more objective and reasonable outcomes than traditional human-oriented planning methods.Visual analysis can provide scientific reference for greenway selection,node location,spatial layout,and landscape construction.Therefore,visual analysis can effectively improve the quality of greenway planning and design and help to create a high quality visual landscape.On the basis of combing and summarizing the relevant theories of visual analysis,this paper,firstly,taking Lin'an Qingshan Lake Greenway as the example,selects the elements of visual analysis.Through the method of simple Analytic Hierarchy Process,the primary viewpoints(P)and minor viewpoints(M)of the Qingshan Lake Greenway are screened from the aspects of visual openness,visual accessibility,visual beauty,and visual influence.Similarly,we can obtain the samples of representative isolated,continuous and regional scenes(S).Then,by some software,such as Loca Space Viewer,Arc GIS and Photoshop,the probability of visitor's staying,viewshed area,the dynamic degree of the landscape sequence,the visual sensitivity of the scene,and the tortuosity and layering of the skyline will be thoroughly analyzed.Based on the visual analysis,the paper proposes some relevant planning and design strategies.By analyzing the viewpoints of the Qingshan Lake Greenway,we can achieve the ranking of the probability of staying and the viewpoints which are suitable for setting up the landscape platforms,then the paper points out that the greenway planning should cancel the posts and platforms at viewpoints of P29,P10,P19,P32,P26,while adding the posts and platforms at viewpoints of P2,P30,P7,P27,P22,P3.Viewshed analysis illustrates that the ranges of viewsheds of the main points are rather significant,which indicating that the greenway landscape has a sense of beauty.Viewpoint P26-P27 has the lowest visual overlap ratio of viewshed but the highest degree of step-shifting landscape.Visitors prefer to stop and enjoy.Viewpoint P25-P24 has the highest visual overlap ratio and the lowest degree of landscape dynamic change.Visitors have the least demand for viewing.At the same time,according to the visual-landscape analysis,scenes S27,S31,S32,S29,S7,S20,S26,S25,S33 have higher visual sensitivities and belong to the sites that need to be designed emphatically;Scene S1 is an invisible visual scene;The visual sensitivities of scenes S21,S8,S9,S12,S19,S3,S14,S17 and S18 are low,leading to the relative lower importance of design.In addition,according to the skyline analysis result,this paper points out inadequacies of the route selection of the Qingshan Lake Greenway.Finally,the paper puts forward 6 strategies for greenway planning and design:(1)Adjusting the number of viewpoints,achieving viewshed coverage;(2)Improving the distribution of viewpoints,building unobstructed visual corridors;(3)Avoiding unpleasant viewpoints,upgrading the quality of viewpoints;(4)Protecting the visual resources,enhancing the visual landscape quality;(5)Smoothing the visual network,connecting the visual elements;(6)Classifying visual landscapes,optimizing the visual interface.To some extent,these strategies can provide reference for similar greenway planning and design. |
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