U.S. National Wild And Scenic Rivers System And Its Recreation Management

River protection is an important aspect of the ecological progress.National River Protected Area is an important part of the system construction of ecological progress.Through learning from the developed U.S.National Wild and Scenic Rivers System,to establish the Chinese river protection concept,perfect China Natural Protected System,promote the national park system reform and promote the development of river recreation is an important topic.This study analyzes the U.S.National Wild and Scenic Rivers System mainly from time and space dimensions,and summarizes its characteristics by comparing with the U.S.National Park System,and then analyzes the construction and management of its river recreation opportunities,finally introduces the Skagit Wild and Scenic River.Through analysis this study draws 4 major conclusions.(1)The development process of the n U.S.National Wild and Scenic Rivers System can be divided into three stages:the preparatory construction,the perfect stage and the stable development.And the government and the environmental protection organization are the main influence factors.(2)The U.S.National Wild and Scenic Rivers on the Western Pacific Ocean region,Eastern Atlantic,Northern five Great Lakes region and Alaska region are dense,while that on the central plains are scattered.Topography and climate,water conservancy construction and economic conditions are the main influencing factors.(3)The main characteristics of the U.S.National Wild and Scenic Rivers System include:Firstly,the river ecosystem health and biodiversity aee its ultimate goal.Secondly,the main reference factors for boundary determination is the hydrology.And its boundary characteristics include the non absoluteness of boundary authority,the democracy of boundary decision and the openness of boundary use.Finally,its governance pattern is non-complete centralized governance model which has overall centralized features and partly non-centralized features,is the "Big maintenance,small change" of National Park System's governance model,reflects the flexible and pragmatic of United States government in the Protected Area System.(4)Based on the theory of recreation opportunity spectrum,and combining with the three categories of the U.S.National Wild and Scenic Rivers System,it constructed the River Recreation Opportunity Spectrum,determined the different river environment:Primitive river,Semi-Primitive Non-motorized river,Semi-Primitive Motorized river,Roaded Natural river,the rural and urban river,and achieve orderly recreation development through the specific environmental description and its inconsistency management.The outstanding value of Skagit river is mainly manifested in four aspects:water quality,fish,wildlife and cultural value.Skagit Wild and Scenic River includes two types:scenic and recreational,three difficult river environment:Semi-Primitive Motorized river,Roaded Natural river,and the rural river.Its cooperative management include many subjects,including the federal regulatory agencies,environmental organizations,schools,state and local governments and institutions,communities,enterprises.