Analysis And Countermeasures Of Agricultural Non-point Souce Pollution In Jiangsu

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become a key issue for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas and farmers in Jiangsu province.In this study,the basic situation and progress in management of non-point source pollution were assessed.We have investigated about the scope of livestock breeding and application of fertilizers and pesticides,and soil testing formula technology.Also the practice and policy model problems of agricultural non-point source pollution control have been studied.The several conclusions were gained as follows:(1)The non-point source pollution in Jiangsu province was characterized by the large quantity of livestock and poultry waste and emission and by the unequal distribution of livestock and poultry farming between regions.The largest emission,accounted 46.66%of the non-point source,was recognized as pig farming,which was difficult to control for its small size and huge quantity.(2)The amount of fertilizer applied was more than 3.3 million tons in Jiangsu.Application of nitrogen fertilizer reached about 220-220 tons,which was four to five times as many as phosphate fertilizer.The optimization management levels of fertilizer use in cereal crops was better than in vegetable crops.Soil testing technology for better management of fertilizer use was evident in energy saving and emission reduction.(3)Pesticides using had declined year by year in Jiangsu.However,the amount of high-efficiency and low toxic chemical pesticides and biological pesticides and fungicides increased slightly while herbicide dosage had risen steadily.(4)The main efforts for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution in Jiangsu province were:developing eco-cycling agriculture,promoting the comprehensive utilization of crop straw,using techniques in fertilizer management,reducing chemical pesticide use,and building buffer zones for deterring nitrogen and phosphorus into water bodies as well as monitoring heavy metals in agricultural products.The main plans were:the recycling engineering in coupling crop and animal farming,the three separation and one purification treatment,the ecological fermented-bed techniques in animal farming,the centralized processing of scatter livestock and poultry dung,the construction of ecological recycling agriculture in the encircled Taihu region,the straw-storage for agricultural utilization,and the rural sewage treatment.(5)In order to control of agricultural non-point source pollution,the Jiangsu government had issued a series of laws and regulations.These policy documents were on regulation of the livestock and poultry breeding pollution treatment,the non-point source pollution of Taihu lake watershed,the comprehensive utilization of crop straw,the prevention and treatment of the contamination of agricultural products by soil heavy metal pollutants,and the rural ecological civilization construction.The practices of these polices gained positive results.(6)The experience of agricultural non-point source pollution in Wuxi River Basin showed that the implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution control projects was a necessary way to greatly reduce the emission of non-point source pollutants.The adjustment of planting structure,the reduction of pesticide and chemical fertilizer,the development of ecological agriculture and the improvement of the quality of agricultural products would greatly increase the economic benefits of farmers from agriculture.Recycling agriculture would be developed through the use of rural sewage treatment,biogas engineering and organic fertilizer.The rural living environment would be completely changed though the construction of garbage collection,storage,transportation and processing system.(7)Jiangsu province had made big progress in controlling agricultural non-point source pollution,but some outstanding problems existed.The relationship between production enhancement and protection of ecosystem had not been well resolved.The crop planting and animal breeding had not been well coupled.Financial support policies had not been sustainale the governance supervision system on long-term management of projects had not yet formed.The work in the management of key river basins was not fully covered.We still needed a well coordinated administrative mechanism.