Study On Safety Risk And Assessment Of Longquan Edible Fungi

The main safety hazards of edible fungi are water,sulfur dioxide,heavy metals and pesticide residues.In this paper,by using the single index risk assessment model based on tdistribution and the maximum comprehensive risk index assessment method,taking the sampling data of Longquan edible fungus from 2014 to 2018 as the research object,the safety risk and assessment research are carried out.Excessive water content can easily lead to mold formation of edible fungi,and excessive sulfur dioxide can do great harm to human body.In this study,moisture and sulfur dioxide were evaluated together with various heavy metal indexes.Heavy metal assessment indicators include lead,cadmium,total arsenic,total mercury,sulfur dioxide,tin,chromium,nickel and water.The indicators for pesticide residue assessment include permethrin,diflubenzuron,malathion,amitraz,dimethoate,cyfluthrin,deltamethrin,flucythrinate,prochloraz,sumilex,chlorothalonil and thiabendazole.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)The risk assessment of heavy metals and pesticide residues in Auricularia auricula,Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes was carried out by using the single index risk assessment model based on t-distribution.The results show that the pollution index of each index is different for the same sample,The risk indexes of water,cadmium,total arsenic and total mercury in basswood black fungus were 7.51,0.62,0.27 and 0.73 respectively;The risk index of the same index is different for different years,From 2014 to 2016,the risk index of cadmium in ganoderma lucidum was 0.59,2.27 and 1.83 respectively;The risk index of the same index is different for different planting areas,The risk index of shiitake mushrooms in urban and rural areas and base was 0.16 and 0.14 respectively;The risk index of the same index is different for different varieties,the risk index of diflubenzuron in red and purple ganoderma lucidum was 0.55 and 0.46,respectively.(2)The risk level of level 3 is set,and the risk index α < 50 is level 1,green and safety level;Risk index 50 < α< 75 is level 2,yellow,warning;risk index α > 75 is level 3,red,emergency.The results show the pollution indexes of water and cadmium in the heavy metals of three kinds of edible fungi are relatively high,while other indexes are relatively low,but they are all at the level of 1,green and safe.In 2017,the water content and cadmium risk index in shiitake mushroom were 21.64 and 2.11 respectively,and the risk index of other indexes were all lower than 0.30.The risk indexes of permethrin,diflubenzuron and malathion in pesticide residues are relatively high,while other indexes are relatively low,but they are all at level 1,green and safe.In 2015.The risk index of permethrin,diflubenzuron and malathion in black fungus was 0.56,0.48 and 0.21,while the risk index of other indexes was all lower than 0.15.(3)Three comprehensive risk index evaluation models including sum,average and maximum were compared and evaluated,The results show that the maximum value comprehensive risk assessment method can not only reflect the comprehensive index of the contaminated edible fungi,but also the value of the contaminated maximum index.The maximum value method is more suitable for the quality and safety risk assessment and research of Longquan edible fungi.In 2014,the largest risk index of black fungus index was6.08,and its maximum composite index was 6.09,the two values were very close.(4)The maximum comprehensive risk index evaluation model was used to evaluate the safety of heavy metals in edible fungi.The results show that the comprehensive risk index of edible fungus in different years was different,and the risk index of black fungus in 5 years was 6.09,5.5,4.86,5.33 and 7.6,respectively;The comprehensive risk index of edible fungus of different varieties was different.The risk index of black fungus of bag material and black fungus of basswood were 4.23 and 7.53 respectively.The quality and safety base of edible fungi in different areas is better than that in urban and rural areas.The comprehensive risk index of ganoderma lucidum in urban and rural areas was 37.4 and that in the base was 24.32.(5)The maximum comprehensive risk index evaluation model was used to evaluate the safety of edible fungi pesticide residues.The results show that the comprehensive risk index of edible fungi in different years was different,and the 5-year risk index of lentinus edodes was 0.67,0.62,0.59,0.58 and 0.58,respectively;The comprehensive risk index of different edible fungi is different,The risk index of red and purple fungus was 0.64 and 0.69.The quality and safety bases of edible fungi in different areas are better than those in urban and rural areas.The risk index of lentinus edodes in urban and rural areas was 0.63,and the base was 0.58.