Research On Management Mechanism Of Nature Reserve In Beijing Based On Adaptive Management Theory

This paper applies theories and methods of adaptive management of nature reserve which have some research basis and practical experience at home and abroad to the management of nature reserve in Beijing.Taking 11 representative nature reserves such as Baihuashan Nature Reserve,Songshan Nature Reserve and Horngoumen Nature Reserve in Beijing as the survey object,it is analyzed that if adaptive management is to be implemented,management deficiencies in each nature reserve are common.In view of shortcomings,try to build an adaptive management mechanism of nature reserve that can adjust management measures according to the actual situation from a systematic perspective,and provide an idea for the improvement management of each nature reserve in Beijing.This paper reviews the development of nature reserve in Beijing,summarizes achievements and the current situation,and analyzes management objectives and characteristics of 11 representative nature reserves,and concludes that the adaptive management method is in line with management characteristics of nature reserve in Beijing.This paper is based on H.lgor Ansoff's stakeholder analysis theory that divides stakeholders of 11 nature reserves in Beijing into three categories: first,key stakeholders,including Management Office of Nature Reserve,local district government,local township government,local village committee,authority in charge of nature reserve,researcher,media,and other types of natural protected area,administrator of state-owned/army/collective land;second,primary stakeholders,including community resident in surrounding village and town,and local enterprise;third,secondary stakeholders,including tourist and volunteer.At the same time,this paper analyzes conflicts among these stakeholders,and concludes that there are two types of conflicts among stakeholders: one is conceptual conflict,the other is interest conflict,which is the basis for the analysis of adaptive management mechanism of nature reserve.This paper analyzes common problems in the management of 11 nature reserves,including inadequate monitoring of nature resource and weak response capacity;inadequate fund and unsound management;lack of scientific planning,management vacancy;lack of evaluation of management effect and supervision of implementation;weak infrastructure,lack of talent reserve;no basis for stakeholder to participate,etc..Comparing these problems with the ideal adaptive management process of nature reserve,this paper analyzes the lack of adaptive management of nature reserve in Beijing,including the lack of comprehensive nature resource information,no basis for management development;low level of human resource construction,no guarantee for management implementation;lack of fund,reducing the scientific nature of management;lack of supervision and evaluation,difficult to achieve real-time correction and feedback adjustment of management;the possibility of stakeholder conflict increases,which is not conducive to the realization of management objective,etc..It is pointed out that the main reason for this result is that the manager do not think about the adaptive management mechanism of nature reserve in a systematic way and carry out the adaptive management work around this mechanism.Therefore,based on the theory of adaptive management,this paper combines theories of harmonious construction of nature reserve,adaptability,human resource management,information management,decision-making and performance evaluation,and analyzes and constructs the adaptive management mechanism of nature reserve from a systematic point of view.Based on the meaning and essence of adaptive management of nature reserve,this paper discusses the adaptive management of nature reserve as a complex system,just like a general system,which includes boundary,power,transmission,transformation,core,generation and self replication elements,corresponding,the adaptive management system of nature reserve includes seven basic elements: internal and external monitoring element,information transmission element,dynamic element,information conversion element,decision element,fitness evaluation element and iteration element.Then,based on the analysis of the meaning,function and the interaction among elements of the adaptive management system of nature reserve,this paper defines the meaning of the adaptive management mechanism of nature reserve,and puts forward that the structural framework of the adaptive management mechanism of nature reserve is three stages and seven sub-mechanisms,that is,mechanism operation front end: internal and external monitoring,information transmission sub-mechanisms;operation middle end: dynamic,information conversion,decision-making sub-mechanisms;operation back end: fitness evaluation,iteration sub-mechanisms.Furthermore,this paper defines the meaning and function of each sub-mechanism,analyzes its operation,and puts forward the operation guarantee of adaptive management mechanism,which is the basic guarantee: stakeholder participation guarantee,human resource management guarantee,fund guarantee,information management guarantee;action guarantee: implementation guarantee,control guarantee.This paper hopes to construct the mechanism to make operation process and conditions of the adaptive management of nature reserve more clear,and provide ideas for improving the management of nature reserve in Beijing.