Research On Ecological Compensation Of Interprovincial Cultivated Land In China From The Perspective Of Virtual Cultivated Land Strategy

In addition to basic production functions,cultivated land also has ecological functions such as climate regulation,soil conservation,and biodiversity maintenance.Although China has implemented a strict cultivated land protection policy,the implementation effect is significantly different from the expected target.The reason is that there are obvious"externalities"in the ecological value of cultivated land and there are significant differences between the endowment of cultivated land resources and the level of economic development between regions.Therefore,the establishment of a reasonable cultivated land ecological compensation mechanism is of great significance for realizing the internalization of China’s cultivated land ecological value"externalities"and promoting the overall coordination of economic development and cultivated land protection in various regions.By means of the relevant theories and based on virtual cultivated land strategy,this paper calculates the total standard profit and loss of virtual cultivated land and the ratio of virtual cultivated land surplus(deficit)in China’s provinces and autonomous regions,and implement cultivated land profit and loss zoning.In addition,the equivalent factor method,functional value method,and regional social development stage coefficients were used to calculate the ecological compensation standards and compensation quotas for cultivated land in China’s provinces and regions,and to establish the operation and guarantee mechanism of ecological compensation for cultivated land,the main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The analysis results of the flow of virtual cultivated land in China’s provinces and regions show that from 2007 to 2017,the inflow of virtual cultivated land into the provinces and regions gradually decreased,and the outflow of virtual cultivated land into the provinces and regions gradually increased.Virtual cultivated land flows into provinces and regions are mainly distributed in the southwest and southeast regions,while outflow provinces and regions are mainly distributed in the northeast,northwest,and north China regions,showing a pattern of"North-South Transport".From the results of the virtual cultivated land profit and loss zoning in various provinces and regions in China,in 2007,2012,and 2017,there were 6 provinces that belonged to cultivated land surplus areas,including Anhui,Shandong,Henan,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,and Jilin.There were 5 provinces that belonged to cultivated land balance areas,including Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu,and Ningxia,there are 13 provinces that all belong to the cultivated land deficit area,including Shanghai,Beijing,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Fujian,Tianjin,Hainan,Guizhou,Guangxi,Yunnan,Chongqing,Shaanxi,and Sichuan.(2)From the calculation results of the cultivated land ecological compensation standards in China’s provinces and regions,in 2007,the cultivated land ecological compensation standards ranged from 51.96yuan/hm~2(Tibet)to 3768.82 yuan/hm~2(Anhui)in various provinces and regions.In 2012,the cultivated land ecological compensation standards ranged from 194.60 yuan/hm~2(Tibet)to 5722.81 yuan/hm~2(Anhui)in various provinces and regions.In 2017,the range of cultivated land ecological compensation standards in various provinces and regions was253.99 yuan/hm~2(Tibet)to 8436.63 yuan/hm~2(Shanghai).From the results of the calculation of cultivated land ecological compensation quotas in various provinces and regions in China,in 2007,the total payment quota of each province and region exceeded the total compensation quota of 5.901 billion yuan,indicating that there was a surplus in the transfer of fiscal payments in each province and region.In2012,the transfer of fiscal payments in various provinces and autonomous regions changed from a surplus to a deficit,and the total compensation quota exceeded the total payment quota of 24.82 billion yuan.In 2017,the deficit of fiscal payment transfers in various provinces and autonomous regions further increased to 48.517 billion yuan.From the perspective of various provinces and regions,from 2007to 2017,the provinces and regions with large compensation amounts mainly include Jilin,Henan,Heilongjiang,etc.,while the provinces and regions with large payment amounts mainly include Zhejiang,Shanghai,Guangdong,and Beijing.(3)This paper promotes the effective operation of the cultivated land ecological compensation mechanism by constructing a perfect operation mode of cultivated land ecological compensation and promoting the diversification of cultivated land ecological compensation methods and financing channels.And through the establishment of a comprehensive legal system of cultivated land ecological compensation,specialized cultivated land ecological compensation institutions,improved cultivated land ecological compensation supervision mechanism and raising the public’s awareness of cultivated land protection four aspects,strengthen the protection of cultivated land ecological compensation operation.