| How to achieve the coordinated development of the economy and the environment has always been a hot issue in academic research.Since the reform and opening up,China has also avoided the old road of "polluting first,then governing" that developed countries have taken,but localization in the process of industrialization and urbanization Governments still trade economics for environmental quality.The19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to change from an extensive development model to a green development model.The upgrading of the industrial structure is the key factor to break the dilemma of economic development and environmental protection.Therefore,it is of great significance to study whether or not environmental regulation can promote the upgrading of industrial structure.Based on the above realistic background,this article attempts to explore and explain the following core questions: Does environmental regulation significantly affect the upgrading of industrial structure? Are there significant differences in the effects of different types of environmental regulations? Does the impact of environmental regulation on the upgrading of industrial structure have regional heterogeneity and spatial spillover?In view of this,this article will study the following five aspects:(1)combing the relevant literature on environmental regulation,the relevant literature on industrial structure,the Porter hypothesis,the cost compliance effect,the innovation compensation effect,and the pollution refuge hypothesis.There are deficiencies in literature theory.(2)Theoretical analysis and expansion test between environmental regulation and industrial structure.By constructing a two-factor model of two regions and two departments,it is analyzed whether the differences in environmental regulations and policies will cause changes in the industrial structure,and the characteristics will be expanded and verified.(3)Empirical analysis of panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017 using measurement methods such assystematic GMM,deviation-corrected LSDV method,differential GMM,and fixed-effects model to find out how environmental regulations and other control variables affect the industrial structure upgrade.(4)Introduce space spillover effects in the study of environmental regulation and industrial structure.Under different spatial weight matrices,the spatial Dubin model is used to investigate the spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation on industrial structure.(5)Summarize the basic conclusions of the research in this article,put forward practical policy recommendations,and look forward to future research in related fields.Based on the above research ideas,through theoretical and empirical research,the basic conclusions of this article are summarized as follows:(1)Theoretical research shows that strict environmental regulations will attract clean industries,which will promote the upgrading of the industrial structure in this region,while backward regions have not formulated environmental policies,resulting in the accumulation of polluting industries,which is not conducive to the upgrading of the industrial structure.(2)The empirical results of the entire sample show that government-based environmental regulation can significantly promote the upgrading of industrial structure.That is,the benefits of “innovation compensation” brought by strict government-based environmental regulations will make up for the negative impact of“cost compliance”.Market-oriented environmental regulations as a whole have a negative driving effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure.That is,the "cost follow" effect is dominant,and the industry is facing recession before transformation.The adjustment effect of public environmental demands on the upgrading of industrial structure has begun to appear.Technological innovation,regional economic development level,industrial scale and education level can positively influence the adjustment of industrial structure.Both the "pollution refuge" hypothesis and the "resource curse" have been validated.Economic policies inhibited the upgrading of the industrial structure.The test results of the spatial spillover effects of environmental regulation and industrial structure show that the government-based environmental regulation has a positive incentive effect on the industrial structure of local and neighboring places.It shows that in the process of guiding the upgrading of the industrial structure,the local government can not only achieve economic and environmental improvements,but also the dividends of environmental regulations and policies will benefit neighbors.The market-oriented environmental regulation is conducive to the upgrading of the local industrial structure,but significantly inhibits the adjustment of the industrial structure in neighboring areas.Essentially,companies lack the inherent incentives to increase pollution control expenditures.Once they encounter stricter market-based environmental regulations,they are more inclined to transfer polluting industries to neighboring places,creating a situation of "being neighbor-like." Public environmental protection demands have promoted the upgrading of the industrial structure of local and neighboring places.Economic policies,while promoting local industries,have suppressed the industrial structure of neighbouring regions,indicating that there is a certain degree of industrial policy protectionism in all regions.(3)The results of empirical tests by region show that there are differences in industrial structure responses to environmental regulations in different regions.The improvement of various types of regulations in the eastern region can have a good driving effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure.The central region is more dependent on the adjustment of the element structure,so it is more sensitive to market-based environmental regulations.The western region's reliance on the environment-for-development model has led to it being locked at the bottom of the industrial structure.Therefore,both the government and the market have chosen to "neglect" environmental regulations,so they have not had a positive incentive effect on the industrial structure.Based on the above research conclusions and adhere to the problem-oriented,this article finally put forward three policy suggestions: first,improve the quality of environmental legislation,improve the environmental regulatory system;second,formulate differentiated government-based environmental regulatory policies,and strengthen the power of market-oriented environmental regulation Third,pay attention to the role of public environmental protection demands to improve the environment,and promote public-oriented regulatory innovation. |
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