Research On The Management System Of China's National Parks

For a long time,various types of protected area in China have been constructed and managed by different resource authorities according to the type of resources.There are multiple brands on the same protected area,and there are multiple authorities and management agencies,resulting in overlapping,multi-headed management and supervision.Issues such as fragmentation and local improper intervention,natural reserves have become tools for various sectors to obtain economic benefits,and are not conducive to the complete protection of natural resources and ecosystems.In 2013,China took the construction of a national park system as a national strategy.In 2017,the "General Plans for the Establishment of the National Park System" clearly proposed the integration of various types of natural reserves to establish national parks,and the implementation of a "uniform,hierarchical and coordinated" management system.Centralized the decentralized management of natural resources,with one department managing national parks.After the establishment of the national park,a unified management agency will be established;the ownership of all natural resource assets of the national park will be exercised by the central government and the provincial government,and the ownership will be gradually transferred to the central government.In order to explore the national park system,China has carried out national park pilot projects in 10 regions since 2015.However,due to the lack of special national park laws and regulations,the provisions on the management system in the "General Plans for the Establishment of the National Park System" are more principled.The management system of each pilot national park has the following problems in practice:the nature and authority of the national park management agency have not been clear;failed to implement the requirements of the vertical management of the central government and the provincial government;under the joint management of the central and local governments,the division of power between the two is not clear.The research in this article is based on the environmental law theory of national parks and their management systems.This research takes the national park pilot situation as an analysis sample and the experience of national park management systems in some foreign countries as a reference.The aim of this article is to provide suggestions for solving the above problems and improve the national park management system.There are five parts in this article:The first part is to study the connotation of the national park.First of all,the concept and comparison of national park at home and abroad were sorted out and compared,to fully understand the purpose and core value of the creation of this kind of protected area,and to understand the concept and positioning of national park in relevant policy documents in China.Second,introduce the relationship between national park and other types of protected areas,and further clarify the position and characteristics of national parks in nature reserves.The second part studies the connotation of the national park management system.First,the general meaning of the national park management system is introduced,including the three aspects of management institution setting,management authority division,and mutual relations.Then,the national park management system stipulated in the "General Plans for the Establishment of the National Park System" is summarized from the above three aspects.The third part is to study the current situation and problems of the management system of some pilot national parks.First,we selected four pilot national parks,Three-river-source National Park,Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park,Giant Panda National Park,and Qianjiangyuan National Park,to analyze and introduce their current situation in the national park management system.Secondly,through combing study,it is found that there are three outstanding problems in the practice of national park pilots,which are not in line with the general plans of national park system construction.The fourth part studies the operation and setting of some national park management systems in the world.After discussing the problems in the pilot of the national park management system in China,we set our sights on the management system of foreign national parks,mainly introducing the relevant experiences of the three countries of the United States,Germany,and Japan,to learn from foreign experience and provide solutions to the problems in the pilot practice of China.The fifth part,under the guidance of relevant basic theories,draws on the experience of foreign national park management systems,combined with the actual situation of China's national park system construction,initially puts forward proposals to solve the key problems of the existing management system.The first proposal is to clarify the national park management agency as a legal entity for public welfare institution,with performing the professional management functions of national parks.Secondly,national parks are vertically managed by the central government and provincial governments.The last proposal is to strengthen the performance of central authority of national parks,reflecting the national representativeness of the national park and the public welfare of the whole people.