| "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".The protection of ecological environment is the foundation of sustainable economic development.China has a large population and 41.48% of the population distributed in rural areas(by the end of 2017).Agriculture is the basic guarantee for people's livelihood.At the same time,agro-ecosystem is the key area connecting natural ecosystem and human society.How to balance the ecological environment and improve the living standard of farmers is an important issue in the construction of rural ecological civilization.The northwest of Yunnan province has high forest coverage and rich biodiversity,but its economic development is relatively backward,and agriculture is its basic pillar industry.Although there are many kinds of crops in the local agriculture.The economic level of the villagers is relatively low.How to improve farmers' income while giving consideration to the protection of the environment so that "water and mountains become real wealth" is worth studying and discussing.In November 2016,it was found that the construction level of rural ecological environment was influenced by many factors: village policy,management,villagers' consciousness and behavior,etc.Therefore,we chose Bazhu village and Haini village as typical cases in this area and conduct a formal investigation in the two villages from 2017 to 2018.This paper attempts to obtain the key factors that affect the ecological construction in the village.In order to explore the key points of harmonious development of ecological civilization.We established the evaluation system of ecological civilization construction in northwest Yunnan and evaluated the influence of villagers' environmental consciousness and behavior on the ecological environment of the village.Finally,basic data on social and economic development were obtained through official reports,yearbooks and literature,and 243 villagers(121 in Bazhu village and 122 in Heini village,with a total sampling ratio of 30.84%)were selected to conduct household surveys.The following research work was carried out:(1)Using the method of questionnaire to investigate the villagers' environmental satisfaction,environmental perception,environmental awareness,identity to ecological management and villagers' behavior.(2)Calculation and analysis of villagers' willingness to pay for environmental protection by means of contingent valuation method(CVM).(3)Quadrate method was used to analyze the four main crops: corn(Zea mays L.),kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.),rose(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)and platycodon grandiflorum(Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.).Field investigation was carried out and 180 sample plots were selected to record the species,quantity,height and coverage of crops and weeds.(4)The evaluation system of rural ecological civilization construction was established by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the evaluation level of cases was carried out.Finally,the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis,difference analysis,binary logistic regression and other statistical methods,and the following results and conclusions are obtained as follows.(1)In terms of ecological economy,ecological environment and ecological society,this paper evaluated and analyzed the level of Bazhu village and Haini village.The comprehensive score of ecological civilization construction in Bazhu village is 73.71,and the score of Hani village is 68.33.The distribution of the scores of the three criterion layers is more balanced.The level of development is good and the level of ecological civilization development of both villages is relatively close.(2)There are significant differences in the data of villagers' environmental perception,satisfaction and environmental protection consciousness in the questionnaire.The level of villagers' environmental satisfaction is higher in both Bazhu village and Haini Village.Only 0.83% of the respondents in Bazhu village are not satisfied with the environment of this village,while 6.55% of the respondents in Haini village are not satisfied with the environment of this village.There is no significant difference in the distribution of environmental satisfaction between Bazhu village and Haini village(p=0.123).All the interviewees in Bazhu village and Haini village attach importance to environmental protection to varying degrees.Their distribution of environmental protection consciousness has significant difference(p = 0.009).Among them,the environmental consciousness of Heini village is stronger.The villagers of the two villages are relatively optimistic about the environment of their villages,believing that the environment is gradually getting better.But some villagers also believe that the environment is getting worse and the proportion of this part of Bazhu village is higher than that of Haini village.There is significant difference in the distribution of environmental perception between the two villages(p <0.001).(3)From the ecological environment criterion layer and questionnaire survey of two villages,the data of villagers' satisfaction with management were analyzed and the significance of difference was tested.The village leaders play an important role in the ecological protection and industrial development of the village.Bazhu villagers protected the forest and undergrowth industry under the guidance of village secretary.According to local conditions,special industries such as cultivation of Tibetan rose,Tibetan medicinal materials and tourism will be developed thus leading villagers out of poverty.The annual growth rate of per capita income of villagers is remarkable.Haini village is also actively exploring the development of livestock breeding,cultivation of medicinal materials and so on.However,the satisfaction of Bazhu villagers to the work of the the work of the village secretary and the village director(p =0.002),the infrastructure(p =0.003)was significantly lower than that of Haini village.Villagers in Bazhu are divided into U area,H area and D area according to their geographical location of residence.In Bazhu village,the satisfaction of the villagers to the infrastructure in U area(p <0.001)and H area(p <0.005)was significantly higher than that in D area(p <0.028).The satisfaction of the villagers to the information disclosure was also significantly lower than that in H area.The villagers of the two villages are satisfied with the construction level of streetlights and hardened roads in the infrastructure.Some villagers of Bazhu reported that the information in the village is not public enough and the welfare of the government is not in place.(4)The conditional valuation method was used to investigate the willingness to pay of the two villages.The maximum amount paid for the protection of the environment of Bazhu and Haini villages was 198.24 yuan / year and 221.73 yuan / year respectively.It accounts for 3.05% and 3.77% of the per capita income of the 2 villages respectively.The willingness to pay in Haini village is higher than that in Bazhu village.By means of binary logistic regression analysis,the factors influencing villagers' willingness to pay are the villagers' life satisfaction and the proportion of household new energy utilization.The characteristics of farmers and their environmental awareness,whether to use chemical fertilizers,pesticides and other variables have no significant impact.(5)Through questionnaire investigation and in-depth interview,the farmers' pesticide and chemical fertilizer application and other farmers' behavior were obtained.The richness index,evenness index,Shannon-Weiner index,Simpson index and dominance index of four kinds of crop plots in different areas of farmland were calculated: the proportion of villagers who did not use chemical fertilizer in Bazhu village is significantly higher than that in Heini village(p < 0.001).There is a significant difference in the application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer between different areas of Bazhu and Haini village,among which the dosage of U area is the least and that of H area is the most.The dominance of maize,kidney bean and platycodon grandiflorum are significantly higher than those of other groups.The dominant index of D area in maize field(55.13 ±7.7%)is significantly higher than that in other groups.The dominance of H area in kidney bean field(39.9 ±6.74%)is the highest in Bazhu village,which was significantly higher than that in the D area.And that of H area in platycodon grandiflorum field was the highest(44.41 ±8.46%),which was significantly higher than that in D area and H area.In view of the above research results,we proposed the concrete proposals to the local ecological construction. |
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