| Yunnan Province is located in the transition zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Southeast peninsula.It is a typical plateau mountainous prov:ince.It is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,Lancang River,Nujiang River and Pearl River.It has an important ecological status in the whole country and even in Southeast Asia.Although Yunnan Province has a high species richness,its habitat is fragile and it is difficult to recover once damaged.With the development of social economy,the pressure of ecological environment in Yunnan Province is increasing day by day.The unreasonable exploitation of resources and the environmental pollution brought by urban industrialization have brought challenges to the sustainable development of Yunnan Province.How to coordinate the conflict of interests between environmental protection and economic development among districts and counties in Yunnan Province has become an urgent problem to be solved.The ecological compensation mechanism is an important means to solve this problem.The value of ecosystem services and ecological compensation are the hotspots and frontiers of current academic research.Exploring regional ecological value and its ecological compensation mechanism is an important way to promote the coordinated development of regional economy,restore or strengthen ecological construction.Therefore,this paper takes Yunnan Province as the research object,calculates the gross ecosystem value of 129 districts and counties in Yunnan Province by establishing the method of counties’ecosystem gross product accounting,and carries out spatial analysis on the value of products provided by the districts and counties,regulating service value,cultural service value and ecosystem gross product;on this basis,according to the ecosystem service function of Yunnan Province.The theoretical ecological compensation standard of each district and county in Yunnan Province was determined,and the actual ecological compensation standard of each district and county in Yunnan Province was calculated according to the estimation method of differential ecological compensation standard.At the same time,the priority of ecological compensation(ECPS)was introduced to compare the urgency of ecological compensation in 129 districts and counties in Yunnan Province.Through the above research,the following main conclusions are drawn:(1)The total ecosystem output of Yunnan Province in 2015 is 7629.74 billion yuan,which is 5.51 times the GDP of Yunnan Province in that year.Among the three major service values of GEP,the regulating service value is the largest and the main ecosystem service function,accounting for 91%of GEP.Secondly,cultural services,and finally product services.According to different ecosystem service indicators,the order of service value is climate regulation>soil conservation>water conservation>carbon sequestration and oxygen release>air purification>flood storage>water purification.Climate regulation accounts for 37.22%of GEP,which is the most important mediation service function in Yunnan Province.(2)There is a big gap between the ecosystem gross product of different regions in Yunnan Province.From the point of view of 16 municipalities,Puer City provides the largest GEP,which is 113.43 billion yuan,accounting for 14.87%of the province’s GEP.The lowest GEP is Nujiang Prefecture,which is 255.3 billion yuan.However,from the per unit area GEP,Jinghong City has the largest per unit area GEP,317342 million yuan per square kilometer,the lowest is Qujing City,and the per unit area GEP is 134.665 million yuan per square kilometer.According to the GEP of 129 districts and counties in Yunnan Province,the GEP of’Jinghong City,Mengla County and Lancang County is larger,all of which are more than 200 billion yuan.The districts and counties with lower GEP are Chenggong District,Wuhua District,Shuifu County,Panlong District,Fumin County,Tonghai County,Jiangchuan District,Ludian County,Hongta District,Malong County.Songming County and Huaning County.The total ecosystem output of these counties is less than 20 billion yuan,of which Chenggong District and Wuhua District have the lowest ecosystem output value,less than 10 billion yuan(3)According to the spatial distribution of GEP,the overall pattern of GEP is"high in the southwest and low in the northeast".Southwest China has a high forest coverage and good ecological environment protection,while central Yunnan and northeastern Yunnan have a rapid economic development,and most of them are rocky desertification areas with serious damage to the ecological environment and low ecological value.The comparative analysis of GEP and socioeconomic data in different districts and counties reveals that the per capita ecosystem service value in economically developed and densely populated areas is very low,and the population,economy and ecology are extremely uncoordinated in space.At the same time,it also shows the necessity of regional ecological compensation.(4)The total ecosystem output of Yunnan Province in 2015 was 7629.74 billion yuan,of which the non-market value included in ecological compensation was 516.55 billion yuan,accounting for 67.7%of the total value.By calculating the economic adjustment coefficient of Yunnan Province,the actual ecological compensation value of Yunnan Province is456.07billion yuan,accounting for 32.95%of Yunnan’s GDP.From the point of view of municipalities at all levels,Puer City has the highest ecological compensation standard,which is 82.06 billion yuan.Kunming City has the lowest ecological compensation value,and the ecological compensation standard is 10.99 billion yuan.From the point of view of districts and counties,Mengla County has the largest compensation standard,which is 17.75 billion yuan,followed by Lancang County,which is 15.47 billion yuan.The ecological compensation quota of Panlong District and Wuhua District is 0,and no ecological compensation is needed.The ecological compensation quota of different regions has produced obvious polarization.(5)The priority of ecological compensation of 129 districts and counties in Yunnan Province was calculated,which solved the problem of "who should compensate who"among districts and counties in Yunnan Province.The average priority of ecological compensation in Yunnan Province is 3.73.and the priority of ecological compensation in Yunnan Province is on the high side.There are obvious differences in the gross ecosystem product and GDP between districts and counties,which leads to great differences in the priority of ecological compensation among districts and counties.According to the calculation results of ecological compensation priority,Gongshan County,Jiangcheng County,Fugong County and Deqin County have the highest priority of ecological compensation and should give priority to ecological compensation.However,the priority of ecological compensation in central and northeastern Yunnan is small,so the priority of ecological compensation should be paid in Provincial Ecological compensation. |
PDF Full Text Request