| With the expansion of urban and the increase of population density,as well as the increase life pressure,the demand for eco-recreation services and the desire of people to be close to nature are stronger and stronger.Eco-recreation services have become an important content of ecological environmental benefits,and the contradiction between the supply and demand has become an important limit of improving life quality,which is one of the important contents of research area on ecosystem services.Firstly,this study analyzed the characteristics of ecosystem services demand and supply,as well as the relationship and difference between the effective/potential demand and supply.Then,Beijing was presented as a case study,with the multidisciplinary theory of ecology,geography,statistics,and the demand and supply characteristics of ecorecreation services were analyzed,afterwards the demand and supply of eco-recreation services in Beijing were quantitatively evaluated based on the survey data,statistical data,geographic spatial data under the technical support of GIS and RS.Furthermore,the space correlation function and the application tool module were developed for the spatial analysis of eco-recreation services supply and demand,which could reveal the spatial pattern and matching state of eco-recreation services supply and demand in Beijing.The results can provide a scientific reference for the protection and development of green space and the regulation of ecological system in Beijing.Moreover,the method in this study will improve the techniques of ecosystem services evaluation.The main results are as follows:(1)Demand characteristic results show that ecosystem service demand is affected by multiple factors such as socio-demographic background and the external environment.The older and retired people with more leisure time have higher demand,while distance costs inhibit the eco-recreation services demand.The quantitative assessment result of the demand for eco-recreation services in Beijing shows that the total demand of eco-recreation services reaches 5200 million person-visit each year.(2)The result of spatial analysis of eco-recreation services demand shows that the overall demand density is mainly determined by population distribution and traffic network,which gradually reduced as the extension of the transportation network,as well as in the range from the core of the city to the suburbs.Meanwhile,the core area of the innercity could produce nearly 8000 people/ha of eco-recreation services flow each year.(3)On the supply side,the result shows that the overall potential supply and effective supply capacity is very high,and the effective supply capacity could reach to 31969 million person-visit each year.However,the spatial distribution is uneven,and the potential supply is greater than the effective supply capacity in 79% of the region area,mainly distributed in the southwest to northeast region with high terrain and sparse roads.(4)The results of spatial matching analysis of the supply and demand of ecorecreation services show that effective supply capacity is greater than the demand in Beijing,but the demand of eco-recreation services is greater than the supply in 40.38% of the region,especially the regions from the southeast to six districts show uneven spatial patterns severely.In the future,the government should gradually improve the public transport network from the main residential area to the outskirts of the public green space when making urban green space development planning to dredge ecorecreation service flow in areas of high demand and to balance the overall spatial pattern of eco-recreation services supply and demand,which could improve human welfare and optimize the regional development and the layout of green space in Beijing. |
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