Lacquering Craft Analysis Of Wenzhou Lacquerwares From Song Dynasty And Study On The Protection Of Water-logged Wood

After the Warring States and Qin-Han dynasties,the Song dynasty was another boom in the development of ancient lacquerware in China.Yangzhou,Wenzhou,and Hangzhou were the manufacturing centers at that time.According to the related literature,there have been some stores which sold Wenzhou lacquerwares in Song dynasty,such as Linan in Southsong,Bianjing in Northsong.The unearthed Wenzhou lacquerwares can bring the chance to let people know how famous and popular the Wenzhou lacquerwares were.Previous expert and scholar mainly concentrated on the study of history,technological skill,shape,types,decorative design skill,distribution condition,etc in Song dynasty.There have also been several chemical analysis method applied to the lacquerware samples which excavated from the Warring States and Qin-Han dynasty.Wenzhou lacquerwares from the Song Dynasty were under reported in past studies.In this article,according to the previous research,we applied the modern chemical analysis methods to analysis the samples tracing back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties collected from Wenzhou Museum.The aim of this paper is to characterize the structure and materials pigments and the type of lacquer,and to examine coating methods used on the ancient Chinese lacquerware and the relation among them;in order to give some references for modern lacquered arts,to explore the techniques and decorative skills in Wenzhou lacquerware;Based on the research before,a method of strengthening the wooden tyres was designed and we also have evaluated the effect of the solution.Since the lacquerware was a multi-level structure characteristics,the corresponding analysis to it also need various aspects,from the surface to the center,from macrocosm to microcosmic,to analysis the lacquerware sample from various angles.The samples of this paper were provided by Wenzhou museum in Song dynasty,which involves the plain paint,"miaojin","qiangjin","nijin";"zhiwen","Carving flowers","color filling","kouqi" etc.Firstly,the modern instrument analysis method was used in the lacquer film part to determine whether the lacquer sap or the natural resins were coated,the lacquer ash part to find out the constitute and structure of the material and the wooden tyres part's condition,which can provide useful information to learn the ancient tradition lacquer skills,better understand the wisdom of the ancient ancestors and help the conservationist to well protect the precious lacquerware relics.Secondly,in order to summary the lacquering craft and decorating skills of Wenhzou lacquerware,the cross-section analysis of lacquerware of the typical lacquerware samples were also conducted according to the general production process,the material used in each layer was also analyzed to understand the mutual relation between them.The cross-section analysis was significance to understand the current preservation situation of lacquerware,but also important for the inheritance and spread of lacquerware production processes.Finally,since there exists different damage degree to the wooden lacquerware,it is urgent to find solutions to strengthen the ancient water-logged wood.The design with glyoxal,melamine glyoxal resin(MG)were used on the waterlogged ancient wood.This is the first time to use MG resinin the wood consolidation.Since it is hard for MG resin to dissolve in water,glyoxal was added in MG resin.Glyoxal is both the solvent and the conlisidation reagent.The results showed that MG resin can not only improve the mechanical strength and thermal stability,but also maintain an acceptable change in size,which proved it a useful solution to protect the waterlogged wood.