| Land Consolidation is an important measurement in face of increasingly prominent contradiction between people and land, also making significant contributions to relieve the contradiction. Therefore, land consolidation is considered as the effective measure to add the area of cultivated land. However, the ecological environment is over burdened by the goal of adding the area of cultivated land and pursing standardized visual effect. It’s more serious for the karst rocky desertification area, with fragile ecological environment, low environment capacity, lost biodiversity and prominent regional poverty. With ecological rebuilding as the goal, the land consolidation projects as the carrier and biodiversity conservation as the thorough concept, the technology and model of land consolidation based on biodiversity rehabilitation and conservation are the effective trial to realize the ecological benefit and increasingly paid attention to, being the measurements solving the contradiction above in rocky desertification areas. This paper, based on Scientific Support Project of National Twentieth “Five-year” Plan, selects typical Guizhou karst plateau mountainous area and plateau gorge area as the demonstration areas, namely Salaxi demonstration area in Bijie, Gzhou as the typical representative of karst plateau mountainous potential-light rocky desertification, Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area as the karst plateau gorge moderate-intensive rocky desertification. With Landscape Ecology, Land Consolidation, Karst, Biodiversity Conservation and other theories as support, RTK and “3S” as technologies, the study combines field investigation and indoor analysis, background survey, technology development and engineer construction. Ecological rebuilding is the goal. The technology of biodiversity rehabilitation and conservation is the method. The engineer construction of land consolidation is the carrier. The technology and demonstration of land consolidation based on biodiversity conservation is conducted in rocky desertification areas with small basin as the unit, aimed at solving vegetation degradation, soil erosion, the intensity of rocky desertification, regional poverty and other ecological land economic problems. Chaoying and Dingtan small basins in Salaxi and Huajiang are selected as the study area of land consolidation demonstration, looking to providing scientific support and demonstration of land consolidation during and after Twentieth “Five-year” Plan in southern China karst areas, centering on Guizhou Plateau, including 8 provinces(regions and cities).(1)Before the land consolidation, the biodiversity(species and ecosystem diversity) in study area is surveyed carefully, which is a major feature of land consolidation based on biodiversity conservation. The result shows the species is rich. There are 89 species of vertebrates in Salaxi, belonging to 4 classes, 18 orders; 129 plants including 3 phyla and 57 families. There 17 and 3 species of national protected animals and plants. In Huajiang, there are 51 vertebrates, belonging to 4 classes and 16 orders; 95 plants including 3 phyla and 45 families. There are 15 and 2 species of national protected animals and plants. The ecosystems in study area mainly include forest, grass and farmland. Although the type of them is little, they are very important as the habitats of wild plants and animals.(2)The fragile environment in rocky desertification areas requires the goal of land consolidation is ecological protection and rebuilding. In basis of the biodiversity background survey, the ecosystem sensitivity is evaluated, including habitat sensitivity, biodiversity conservation importance, and rocky desertification control. It can be seen that forest ecosystem is the most sensitive area in study area, then the grass and farmland ecosystems. Land consolidation should be free from damaging forest and grass, but protect them consciously. Although the sensitivity of farmland ecosystem is lower than that of grass and forest ecosystems, it has been the foraging area for wild animals. The bush and grass are also the habitats of wildlife. Meanwhile, farmland ecosystem should also be protected. The land consolidation ways are positioned on the basis above, thus providing two different ways on local conditions.(3)The present situations of ecological environment in small basin are analyzed based on the survey of comprehensive factors, including land consolidation types, rocky desertification status and so on. The technologies of land consolidation are developed based on biodiversity conversation. Combined with industry structure, the technologies are optimized, and the technological system is built. For the karst plateau mountainous potential-light rocky desertification in Salaxi, the ecological construction of slope-to-terrace and mixed agriculture-forest technology system forms the the model of land consolidation in basis of biodiversity conservation concept, with slope-to-terrace and mixed agriculture-forest technology system as the carrier. For the karst plateau gorge moderate-intensive rocky desertification in Huajiang, the vegetation rehabilitation has been the core of land consolidation. From Tenth to Eleventh “Five-year” Plan, a series of technological system are formed, with plentiful basis of rocky desertification control. This paper proposes the land consolidation model based on biodiversity conservation, with the vegetation rehabilitation as the goal, combined with the technologies of afforestation and afforestation by man, the conservation of pioneer species and supporting planting technologies of economic forest and brushwood.(4) The system of ecological effectiveness assessment indexes is established with the method of Landscape Ecology. The area change of rocky desertification and flora ecology and diversity are monitored. ESV is used to assess the ecological benefit of land consolidation. The ecological risk resources are analyzed for the implementation of land consolidation projects, and three selected ecological risking stress factors of biodiversity, landscape variation and farmland construction, 14 indexes totally, constitute the system of ecological effectiveness assessment indexes from the point of avoiding risking resource. The 14 indexes can be divided into three aspects: Class I is target layer; Class II is classification index and III is quantitative index. Class I indexes consists of 3 subsystems, namely biodiversity, landscape variation and farmland construction stress factor subsystems. It can be seen that the area of rocky desertification decreases through monitoring the area change of rocky desertification and flora ecology and diversity. After the ecological benefit of land consolidation being assessed, the total amount of ESV and all ecosystem services increase to some degree, which indicates that the land consolidation based on biodiversity conservation is beneficial to regional ecological benefits.(5) The feasibility of model popularization is analyzed in order to promote the demonstration effect of Salaxi and Zhenfeng-Guanling demonstration areas and popularize the “Bijie Salxi Model” and “Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Model”. Different popularization feasibility indexes are selected and analyzed, such as natural conditions, economy, ecology, society, technology, capital and policy. Finally, three aspects of technology, participatory and policy for popularization are studied. It’s concluded that the land consolidation based on biodiversity rehabilitation and conservation can’t increase the economic effectiveness in short time, different from the traditional the land consolidation simply relying on adding the area of farmland. How to make the local residents involved and participate is another key measurement related to the success of new land consolidation model. |
PDF Full Text Request