Cooperative Incentive Model For Internet Of Vehicles Based On Public Goods Game Theory

In recent years,the Internet of Vehicles has attracted widespread attention in the support of applications such as safe driving,intelligent navigation,and emergency rescue.In these applications,vehicles cooperate with each other to forward packets received from the neighborhood.However,because of the limited availability of resources(e.g.,communication bandwidth,transmission time slots),a node can be assumed to be selfish and unwilling to offer relay services without any incentive,causing network performance degradation.In order to encourage cooperation among vehicles,it is necessary to design an appropriate incentive model.The cooperative incentive model based on the public goods game can effectively encourage vehicle nodes to cooperate with each other.Therefore,we research and discuss the cooperative incentive model based on the public goods game.Existing approaches to study cooperative behavior are mainly based on the assumption that the Internet of Vehicles is constructed as a homogeneous network,which leads to the instability of the overall network cooperation.In this paper,we propose a Heterogeneous Public Goods Game model consisting of rational nodes,altruistic nodes,and zealots to more realistically characterize the Internet of Vehicles.Experimental results show that altruistic nodes effectively increase the proportion of cooperators and prompt the proportion of cooperators in the network to increase steadily with the synergy factor,while zealots ease the conflict between individual benefits and group benefits.Altruistic nodes together with zealots can better improve the proportion of cooperators,even if the network conditions are not suitable for the spread of cooperative behavior.Aiming at the problem that the cooperation rate decreases with the increase of node density,a cooperative incentive model of public goods game based on altruistic punishment and reputation mechanism is proposed.The altruistic punishment mechanism contributes to punish betrayers and encourages nodes to abandon selfish behavior,while the reputation-based strategy update mechanism aims to further guide the nodes to change to cooperation.It is found that altruistic punishment and reputationbased strategy selection mechanism greatly improve the overall network cooperative level under high network density.