The Research On The Human Skeletons From Jingangyuan Graveyard In Datong,Shanxi

Jingangyuangraveyard is located in the South suburb tomb areaof Datong City,Shanxi Province.Datong is a capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty,it's called Pingcheng.The graveyardwas excavated in 2017,and a total of 103 tombs were excavated,of which 90 were tombs from the Northern Wei Dynasty,7 were from the Ming and Qing dynasties,and 6 were unknown burials.A total of 33 individuals were cleared,of which 21 were identified as Northern Wei individuals,4 were Ming and Qing individuals,and 8 were unknown individuals.The research materials in this article are under the background of a great ethnic integration in the history of China.During this period,the Tuoba Xianbei people completed their southward migration.From the primitive system to the feudal society,constantly absorbing the Han culture,At this time,Pingcheng is a region where the Han,Xianbei and other ethnic groups gather in a variety of cultures,so the communication among the people is deepeningThis article uses human bones unearthed from the Jingangyuan graveyard for observation and research.The study of physique anthropology is mainly from the aspects of demography,paleopathology,limb bone development and skull morphology.To further understand the living habits,dietary structure and behavior patterns of the ancient residents of the Jingangyuan graveyard.This paper focuses on the study of ethnic types by means of skull morphological features in an attempt to understand the origin of the population in the region.The full text is divided into seven chaptersChapter ? IntroductionThis chapter mainly introduces the geographical location,natural environment,and historical background of the Jingangyuan cemetery.It reviews and sorts out related research in Datong area,and explains the research purpose and significance of this paper.Chapter II Demographic AnalysisThis chapter is mainly a demographic analysis study that focuses on gender and age.Firstly,it explains the concept of demography,points out that demography is the science of studying population and development,and introduces the identification materials and methods of gender and age.Secondly,because the data of Ming and Qing groups are too few,only the demographic study of the Northern Wei Dynasty group is carried out.According to the statistics of the gender and age data of the Jingangyuan cemetery,this paper focuses on the problems of the average death age,life expectancy and sex ratio in the Northern Wei group of Jingangyuan.It is considered that the gender ratio of men and women in the Northern Wei group of Jingangyuan Cemetery is almost balanced,and the average death age of the whole group is 35.35 years and the average life span is 33.31 years.Chapter III Paleopathology ResearchThis chapter mainly starts from two aspects of bone diseases and dental diseases.First,the paleopathological phenomena on human bones unearthed from the Golden Port Garden cemetery are judged,counted and analyzed.It mainly includes studies on lumbar spine and lumbosacral ossification,osteoarthritis,and bone and joint fusion.Secondly,a statistical analysis was performed on the oral diseases of the Jingangyuan cemetery,including aspects of abrasion,dental caries,alveolar abscess,periodontitis,bone bulge,tooth loss before birth,and glaze beads.In order to further understand the ancient residents of Jingangyuan cemetery health,lifestyle,birth patterns,beliefs and customs and other aspects of the problem.Chapter IV Study of Limb Bone DevelopmentThis chapter uses limb bones to estimate the body size of the ancient residents of the Jingangyuan cemetery.First,through the study of the related indexes of the main limb bones,such as humerus,femur and tibia,the condition of limb bones in men is stronger than that in women.Second,the height of the ancient inhabitants of the cemetery was estimated by using the length of the femur and the maximum length of the tibia.Third,according to the femoral head neck calculation method for body mass calculation.Through the above methods to further understand the development of limb bone in the ancient population of Jingangyuan Cemetery.Chapter ?Study on Morphological Features of SkullThis chapter focuses on the physical observation of the ancient residents of the Jingangyuan graveyard from the perspective of the non-measured character and shape of the skull.The physical characteristics of the Northern Wei group and the Ming and Qing groups were the closest to those of the East Asian type.The study also found that the physical characteristics of female skull in the Northern Wei group showed individual differences,which may be caused by the influence of the historical background at that time and the complexity of female sources.Chapter VI Studies on Species Types and RelationshipsBased on the study of skull morphology in the last chapter,Firstly,the germline purity of the ancient residents of Jingangyuan graveyard was tested,and then the relationship between the Northern Wei group,the Ming and Qing groups and the other modern groups and the ancient groups was discussed by means of root-mean-square,Euclidean distance coefficient,cluster analysis and principal component analysis,in order to study the origin of their ethnic groups.The author thinks that the ethnic origin of the ancient inhabitants of the Northern Wei group of Jingangyuan should belong to the native inhabitants of Datong area,which may have been influenced by other people from the point of view of their physical characteristics.Chapter ? ConclusionSummarize the contents of the first six chapters.