| Shanghai is an important stop over site and overwintering place for the migratory waterbirds of the East Asia/Australia Flyway,with abundant of bird resources,where more than 100,000 birds overwinter every year.As the main component of migrant waterfowls in Shanghai,anatids are also the main natural hosts of avian influenza virus(AIV).In order to better protect the wild bird resources of Shanghai and as the essential measures of proactive early warning and prevention and control against avian influenza,it is necessary to get to know the space behavior features of Anatidae in winter.Therefore,this research aims to provide basic data for bird resource protection and avian influenza early warning in Shanghai through the following research.:Research on the migration behavior of Anatidae in Shanghai.Research on the range of activities of Anatidae.Research on the habitat utilization characteristics of different Anatidae species in Shanghai and the time use patterns for habitats.Pudong New Area is the administrative division with the most population in Shanghai,The East End of Pudong District which is within the district of Pudong New Area is the important habitat on the land of Shanghai,it is also the important prevention and control area of avian influenza in Shanghai.Spot-billed duck(Anas poecilorhyncha)and mallard duck(A.platyrhynchos)are the most common Anatidae species in the East End of Pudong District.Therefore,this research takes the East End of Pudong District as the research area and spotted-billed ducks and mallard ducks as the research objects to track individuals of spotted-billed ducks and mallard ducks by GPS satellite tracking technology,and their migration routes and movement ranges are studied through their movement sites and other information.Based on the interpretation results of the East End of Pudong District,Shanghai,the habitat utilization characteristics of Anatidae and their time utilization patterns for habitats were analyzed.From January 18 th,2017 to January 1st 2018,9 Anatidae in total were tracked and captured of which 5 are spot-billed ducks and 4 are mallard ducks,a total of 24996 pieces of data were got.The individual with the longest tracking time is the spot-billed duck BZ005(315 days,7183 pieces of data),the individual with the shortest tracking time is the mallard duck LT004(33 days,363 pieces of data),the average length of time for tracking is 125.00 ± 105.983 days,2777.33 ± 2509.60 pieces of data.Through the analysis and processing of the data,the following results are obtained:(1)Among the 9 tracked individuals,four of them lost their signals before the migration season.And four of them were successfully tracked with the migration behavior,including two spot-billed duck(number BZ002 and BZ003)and two mallard ducks(number LT002 and LT003).The destination of spot-billed duck BZ002 is Dandong in Liaoning,the destination of spot-billed duck BZ002 is Yancheng in Jiangsu respectively.The destination of mallard ducks LT002 is Pulandian City of Liaoning and the destination of mallard ducks LT002 is Laiyang of Shandong.One individual(spot-billed duck BZ005)is still active in Shanghai during the breeding period.The average migration distance of these four individuals is 707.07 ± 370.66 km.(2)During the overwintering,6 individuals had activities at the East End of Pudong District,of which 4 are spot-billed duck(number BZ001,BZ002,BZ003 and BZ005)and 2 are mallard ducks(number LT001 and LT003).These six individuals are mainly active in the area centered at the estuary of Dazhi River.The average scope of activities area is 22.206 ± 33.264km2(95% MCP),of which the average scope of activities area of spot-billed duck is 29.941 ± 39.877km2(95% MCP),the average scope of activities area of mallard ducks is 6.738 ± 6.659km2(95% MCP).The reason why the average range of motion of the spotted-billed duck is larger than that of the mallard duck is that the individual range of motion of the spotted-billed duck BZ003 is too large(89.068 km2),which affects the entire dataset of the spotted-billed duck.(3)With the integration of the interpretation for the habitat at the East End of Pudong District: farmland and intertidal zone are the main types of land used in the East End of Pudong District.Seawall canals,inland waters and intertidal zone are habitats that Anatidae obviously prefer to use,but only some tracked individuals(spotted-billed duck BZ003)use inland waters habitats.Therefore,Seawall canals and intertidal zone are the habitat types where Anatidae are most prominently used in the East End of Pudong District.(4)The utilization time of Anatidae for habitat is different: farmland areas are utilized mostly at night,inland waters are utilized during the daylight,intertidal zone and canals are utilized by Anatidae all the day,the utilization difference between the respective habitats is significant.All the tracked individuals keep the large number of space activities at night and there is a peak of activity in the morning and during the twilight.According to the above research results,the following conclusions can be drawn: Anatidae in Shanghai generally began to migrate in early April,and the migration distance is not long.The main migration destinations are Shandong and Northeast China.Not all Anatidae will migrate,and some will remain in Shanghai to breed.The Anatidae in the East End of Pudong District area are mainly active in the area centered at the estuary of Dazhi River,with relatively fixed range of activities,and the Anatidae in different areas seldom have cross-activities.The most significant habitats of which most of the tracked individuals utilize are seawall canals and intertidal zone behind the seawall.Wild Anatidae also maintain a large number of activities at night,and the use of habitats is significantly different in time.Wild anatidae use intertidal zone and seawall canals habitats all day long,while the use of farmland habitats is mostly at night,and the use of inland waters is mostly during the day.This research is conducted systematically on the space behavior features of Anatidae which live through the winter at the region of Shanghai on the aspects of utilization,activity rhythm,scope of activities area of their habitat.The initial knowledge after the research is the information of the important migration behaviors of Anatidae such as the migration rhythm and breeding places etc.these discoveries provide the basic materials for the bird conservation biology at the highly urbanized regions and regional prevention and control against the epidemic disease and epidemic cause from wild animals(avian influenza). |
PDF Full Text Request