Research On The Genetic Diversity And Systematic Evolution In Domestic Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos Domestica) And Feral Ducks In Northeast China

In this invertigation,ducks were collected,including that 5 domestic duck breeds in Northeast China,73 individuals; ducks from 6 region in Northeast China(Heilongjiang Shuangyashan,Heilongjiang Haerbin,Jilin Taonan,Jilin Baishan,Liaoning Tieling,Liaoning Benxi),113 individuals; 8 kinds of feral ducks(spot-billed duck,mallard,anas acuta,anas penelope,anas strepera,aythya fuligula,aythya ferina,bucephala clangual),53 individuals; the total of ducks was 239 tissues or blood of individuals.Investigation of the genetic diversity and systematic evolution in domestic ducks and feral ducks in Northeast China by extracting genomic DNA from ducks of tissues and blood ,and sequencing mitochondrial DNA D-loop. In this study, duck 610bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA D-loop was analysed.The analysis results of the domestic ducks show that, the percentage of nucleotide A, C, G and T was 24.6%,16.3%,34.2% and 24.9%,respectively.There were 40 polymorphic sites(including mallards and spot-billed ducks ) accounting for 6.6% of total analyzed sites,3 sites of insertion/deletion were found in this region;29 haplotypes were defined,in which 11 haplotypes were shared among some duck population.the diversity of haplotypes was ranged from 0.284 to 0.784,the average diversity of haplotypes was 0.571±0.097. The average number of nucleotide divergence(K) and average nucleotide diversity(Pi) were 1.1561 and 0.1898%, respectively. Inter-population nucleotide divergence (Dxy) in domestic duck populations was ranged from 0.041% to 0.508%, whereas inter-population net nucleotide divergence (Da) in domestic duck populations was ranged from 0 to 0.163%. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of 4 domestic duck breeds and ducks from 6 regions in Northeast China wasn't very abundant and the genetic divergence was unsinificant among populations.Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 4 domestic duck breeds and ducks from 6 regions in Northeast China indicated that mallards and spot-billed ducks both contributed to the origin of the evolutionary process of domestic duck breeds in Northeast China.The resules of 8 feral duck breeds indicated that,the percentage of nucleotide A, C, G and T was 25.1%,16.8%,33.4% and 24.7%,respectively.There were 144 polymorphic sites accounting for 23.6% of total analyzed sites;43 haplotypes were defined by 53 individuals,the average diversity of haplotypes was 0.9503±0.1105.The average number of nucleotide divergence(K) and average nucleotide diversity(Pi)were 4.465 and 0.739%,respectively,ranged from 0.233% to 1.533%.Analysis of genetic diversity indicated that the genetic diversity of 8 feral duck populations was very abundant and the genetic resource was very rich.