Research On Marine Ecological Environmental Protection Policy Making Based On Transaction Cost Theory

The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the reform of the ecological civilization system,built a beautiful China,promoted the energy production and consumption revolution,and built a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient energy system.China's increasingly booming economy requires a continuous supply of energy,but China's current energy consumption structure is single,coal and other traditional energy sources are still dominant,resulting in environmental pollution and damage can't be ignored.Therefore,it is urgent to explore and develop new alternative energy.New energy can not only improve the pollution caused by traditional energy,but also enhance the independent supply capacity of energy to enhance China's voice and leadership in global energy governance and ensure national energy security.As a kind of clean new energy,the reserves of combustible ice far exceed the total of oil,natural gas and other energy sources.Recently,the United States,Japan,India and other countries have actively carried out research on the development of combustible ice.In 2017,China conducted the first trial production of combustible ice in the northern waters of the South China Sea,which was a complete success.A large number of studies have shown that China's sea areas have a broad prospect of combustible ice resources.However,the development process of combustible ice has great environmental risks.Based on the consideration of ecological environment protection,the development of combustible ice needs to formulate special policy system to regulate.Before the large-scale commercial development and utilization of combustible ice,it is necessary to proactively design Marine ecological environmental protection policies on the development of combustible ice,so as to minimize the harm of the development of combustible ice to the ecological environmentand promote the scientific,reasonable and sustainable development of the development of combustible ice.Public policy research needs a multidisciplinary perspective,and the economic perspective is one of the larger research perspectives.Among them,the transaction cost theory is an important theory in the study of economics,which belongs to the new institutional economics.In the 1980 s,it was gradually used in political science,public policy and other research fields.Marine ecological environment protection policy is a basic policy of public policy,this article use the perspective of transaction cost theory of ecological environment protection policy,development of combustible ice in draw lessons from other new energy development on the basis of the historical experience,combined with the particularity of combustible ice,concrete analysis of combustible ice existed in the development of the Marine ecological environment protection policy of transaction costs,finally put forward based on transaction cost theory of ocean ecological environment protection policy countermeasures and Suggestions.Firstly,this paper gives a comprehensive introduction to the transaction cost,and briefly discusses its expansion into the political field,laying a foundation for its application in the formulation of Marine ecological environmental protection policies for the development of combustible ice.Secondly,it constructs the political analysis framework of Marine ecological environmental protection policy from the perspective of transaction cost theory.Within the political framework,the logical starting point is the transaction cost,the core is the political contract,the basic relationship is the political principal-agent,the research object is the political governance structure,and the cognitive basis is the limited rationality and institutional endogenesis.Thirdly,the transaction cost analysis of formulating marine ecological environmental protection policy.The transaction costs of marine eco-environmental protection policies mainly include information costs,negotiation costs,maintenance costs and monitoring costs.The main problem in the formulation of marine eco-environmental protection policy is the political,complex,concealed and interest-related transaction costs in policy making;and then this paper analyze the reasons for it from decision makers,policy making characteristics and policy making environment.From the perspectives of strengthening development and utilization planning,perfecting targeted legislation and refining the incentive policy system,this paper analyzes the enlightenment of marine ecological environmental protection policy formulation on the development of combustibleice.Finally,based on the transaction cost theory,the formulation of marine ecological environmental protection policies in the development of combustible ice.In the process of formulating marine ecological environmental protection policies developed by combustible ice,it is necessary to improve the supervision system and highlight the vigilant role of non-compliance costs,mainly to improve the process of relevant laws and regulations and policy formulation and to promote public participation in policy formulation;The transaction cost,which includes setting clear division of responsibilities,strengthening the construction of accountability mechanism and attaching importance to the development of communication and coordination;requiring reasonable and sufficient authorization to reduce information cost input,including determining the scope and extent of authorization,and the rights and responsibilities.The supervision and restriction of principles and powers;the need to establish a credibility mechanism and increase the role of institutional costs mainly refers to strengthening the construction of credit systems,promoting the sharing and sharing of public information resources,and increasing the intensity of institutional constraints.