Habitat Suitability Comparison Of Sympatric Rhinopithecus Roxellanae And Macaca Thibetana

Studying the habitat suitability of sympatric species is helpful to understand the relationship between species and environment.It is of great theoretical significance to understand the species relationship and provide scientific basis for species conservation and management.This study is based on the field survey data and reserve patrol data from 2017 to 2018,combining topographic factors,vegetation factors and other factors including roads and rivers,applying the MAXENT model to predict and compare the habitat suitability of Rhinopithecus roxellanae and Macaca thibetana in different seasons in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve.According to the results of habitat suitability evaluation,revealing the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Rhinopithecus roxellanae and Macaca thibetana in different seasons,and identifying their suitable habitat distribution and overlap,exploring the coexistence mechanism of two primates.The main results are as follows:(1)In spring,the altitude,river and vegetation is the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Rhinopithecus roxellanae;the rivers,roads and altitude are the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Macaca thibetana.In summer,the altitude,river,road and aspect is the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Rhinopithecus roxellanae;the roads,rivers and altitude are the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Macaca thibetana.In autumn,the altitude,road,river and slope are the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Rhinopithecus roxellanae;the rivers,roads,altitude and slopes are the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Macaca thibetana.In winter,the river,road,altitude and slope is the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Rhinopithecus roxellanae;the roads,rivers and altitude are the main environmental factors influencing habitat distribution of Macaca thibetana.(2)In spring,the suitable habitats of Rhinopithecus roxellanae is mainly distributed in the north,northwest and southwest of the reserve;the suitable habitat area is 97.24 km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is 136.70 km~2,and the unsuitable habitat area is 166.06km~2;the suitable habitat of Macaca thibetana is mainly distributed on both sides of roads and rivers of the reserve;the suitable habitat area is 18.47 km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is 44.72 km~2,and the unsuitable habitat area is 336.81 km~2.In summer,the suitable habitats of Rhinopithecus roxellanae is mainly distributed in the north,northwest and southwest of the reserve;the suitable habitat area is 70.20 km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is 122.55 km~2,and the unsuitable habitat area is 207.25km~2;the suitable habitat of Macaca thibetana is mainly distributed on both sides of roads and rivers;the suitable habitat area is 14.68 km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is34.04 km~2,the unsuitable habitat area is 351.28 km~2.In autumn,the suitable habitat area of Rhinopithecus roxellanae is mainly distributed in the north and west of the protected area,the suitable habitat area is 50.62 km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is 94.92 km~2,and the unsuitable habitat area is 254.45 km~2;the suitable habitat of Macaca thibetana is mainly distributed on both sides of roads and rivers,the suitable habitat area is 17.77km~2,the sub-suitable habitat is 37.60km~2,unsuitable habitat is 344.63km~2;In winter,the suitable habitat area of Rhinopithecus roxellanae is mainly distributed in the north and midwest of the protected area;the suitable habitat area is 47.13km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is 95.50 km~2,and the unsuitable habitat area is 257.37 km~2;the suitable habitat of Macaca thibetana is mainly distributed on both sides of the road in the reserve;the suitable habitat area is 15.13 km~2,the sub-suitable habitat area is 27.32 km~2,and the unsuitable habitat area is 357.55 km~2.(3)The suitable habitat distribution of Rhinopithecus roxellanaes in Tangjiahe Reserve has obvious seasonal vertical migration change,and the suitable habitat area varies with season.Among them,the suitable habitat area is the largest in spring,followed by summer,almost the same in autumn and winter;the sub-suitable habitat area is the largest in spring,followed by summer,almost the same in autumn and winter;the unsuitable habitat area is the largest in winter and the smallest in spring.The suitable habitat of Macaca thibetana in Tangjiahe Reserve did not change significantly with seasonal vertical migration,and the suitable habitat area did not change significantly with season.Among them,the suitable habitat area is the largest in spring and autumn and the smallest in summer;the sub-suitable habitat area is the largest in spring and the smallest in winter;the unsuitable habitat area is the largest in winter and the smallest in spring.(4)Although there are obvious differences in the distribution pattern of suitable habitat between Rhinopithecus roxellanaes and Macaca thibetana in Tangjiahe Reserve,there are some overlapping phenomena.The suitable habitat maximum overlap area was11.74 km~2 in winter,9.97 km~2 in spring,2.58km~2 in summer and 2.49 km~2 in autumn.(5)Rhinopithecus roxellanaes and Macaca thibetana in Tangjiahe Reserve that through habitat separation,different habitat utilization and spatial avoidance to coexist.Different habitat utilization strategies reflect their different physiological or ecological needs.According to the results of the study,we put forward the following protection management and suggestions:(1)Strengthen publicity,education and supervision,to enhance protection awareness.(2)Reasonable development of tourism routes.(3)Strengthen the protection of original vegetation in the reserve.(4)Plant the favorite eatable trees of Rhinopithecus roxellanaes in the reserve.(5)Strengthen the monitoring and management of the habitat of Rhinopithecus roxellanaes and Macaca thibetana in the reserve.