Event-related Potentials Of Adolescent Smoking Addiction In Short-term Withdrawal

Smoking is the leading cause of death in the world,killing 6 million people every year.The 2012 China Smoking Health Hazard Report showed that there are 350 million smokers in China,including 14 million young smokers,killing more than 1 million people each year due to smoking-related diseases.A national survey showed that smoking rates among young people were the highest among all age groups in the survey.In addition,at least 20% of young smokers with higher nicotine dependence became regular smokers.Previous studies of young smokers reported that nicotine may affect adolescent brain maturation and nervous system development.Although most young smokers are aware of the negative consequences of smoking and express a strong desire to quit,most attempts to quit have ended in relapse.Previous studies have found that smokers have nicotine withdrawal symptoms in withdrawal,because of increased desire and decreased cognitive control,which may lead to failure or even recurrence of smoking cessation.On average,the proportion of smokers who successfully quit smoking for more than one year will not exceed 5%.Changes in cravings and cognitive control in the short-term withdrawal state can improve our understanding of young people's smoking.Cognitive impairment is associated with nicotine withdrawal,which may be an important cause of recurrence.Although previous studies have confirmed brain function changes caused by 12-hour withdrawal in adolescent smokers.However,little research has been done on the electrophysiological changes caused by smoking cessation in adolescent smokers for 12 hours.In previous studies,the researchers found that adolescent smokers had more NoGo responses during Go/NoGo tasks than No Non-smokers,NoGo P300 amplitude reduction and P300 latency extension,which is an inhibitory control disorder in young people.Direct electrophysiological evidence is provided.Unlike previous studies,this study focused on inhibition control and electrophysiological changes in adolescent smokers who quit smoking for 12 hours.In present study,the inhibitory cognitive control ability of young smokers was measured by Go/NoGo task.In this task,Participants responded quickly to Go stimuli without responding to NoGo stimuli,and the more they respond to NoGo stimuli,the more serious their inhibitory cognitive control deficits.Event-related potentials(ERP)were used to investigate the changes of NoGo-N200 and NoGo-P300 amplitude and latency of Go/NoGo task between satiety and 12 hours withdrawal conditions in young smokers.Two major ERP components,N200,P300,have been shown to be associated with smoker inhibition control in the Go/NoGo task.Among them,P300 is a positive wave about 300 milliseconds after the reaction occurs,which is related to the actual inhibition process.N200 is a negative wave about 200 milliseconds after the reaction occurs,which is related to the conflict detection in the early stage of the inhibition process.This experiment found that the electrophysiological and behavioral data of adolescent smokers during the Go / NoGo mission changed after 12 hours of withdrawal,as shown by a prolonged N200 latency after 12 hours of withdrawal and a significant correlation between N200 latency and behavioral data.,and this change is related to the inhibition control impairments in young smokers.The present findings may improve the understanding of the effect of short-term withdrawal in young smokers.We suggested that the latency of N200 may be associated with the inefficient inhibitory control of withdrawal condition in young smokers.Our results may contribute new insights into the neural mechanism of nicotine withdrawal in young smokers.