Diversity Of Macro-basidiomycetes In Xingshan County,Hubei Province

Xingshan County of Hubei Province is adjacent to Shennongjia Nature Reserve.The ecological conditions are unique in the vegetation,topography and climate.However,our knowledge on the diversity of macro-basidiomycetes remains scarce in this area.In order to reveal the species diversity of the macro-basidiomycetes in Xingshan County,the species composition,distribution and trophic mode of the macro-basidiomycetes were systematically investigated throughout Xingshan County from October 2016 to October 2017.Macro-basidiomycetes specimens were collected and identified by the methods of morphological taxonomy and molecular systematics.The main environmental impact factors of basidiomycetes in Longmenhe National Forest Park in Xingshan County were studied by regression analysis.The results showed that:(1)220 species which belong to 13 orders,46 families and 114 genera were recorded in the county.The genus with the largest number of species is Lactarius,including a total of 12 species;the family with the largest number of species is the Agaricaceae,including a total of 18 species;the order with the largest number of species is Agaricales,including a total of 123 species.Cheimonophyllum candidissimum(Berk.& M.A.Curtis)Singer is newly recorded in China.(2)The macro-basidiomycetes in Xingshan County are mainly distributed in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest,which are represented by 173 and 128 records,respectively.While less macro-basidiomycetes are distributed in coniferous forest(16 records),bamboo forest(2 records)and shrub(12 records).Only 8 species were shared among the sampling seasons,while 72 species occurred in spring,105 in summer,and 92 in autumn.Only 8 species were shared among the sampling seasons,while 72 species occured in spring,105 in summer,and 92 in autumn.(3)Based on their habit,116 species were geophilous,95 species were lignicolous,6 species were litter-inhabiting,2 species were coprophilous,27 species were ectomycorrhizal in the geophilous species;(4)144 specimens of macro-basidiomycetes were found in Longmenhe National Forest Park,belonging to 97 species,58 genera,33 families and 9 orders.The species composition of macro-basidiomycetes in different altitudes was different.The environmental factors affecting the occurrence of macro-basidiomycetes in Longmenhe were mainly canopy density,total nitrogen,total carbon and altitude(reached a significant level),among which altitude had the greatest impact(reaching a more significant level).(5)Most of the macro-basidiomycetes in Xingshan County,Hubei Province are in a state of lack of data,and it is necessary to study their distribution in depth to grasp the threatened conditions of these species.There are two species of vulnerable species in Xingshan County,Hubei Province,which are Artomyces pyxidatus(Pers.)Jülich and Stropharia rugosoannulata Farl.ex Murrill,which need to be focused and protected.It can be seen that Xingshan County is rich of macro-basidiomycete resources which have the following characteristics: most of them belong to Agaricales;there are many geophilous species;most of them occur in evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest;species are more abundant in summer.The research results are the foundation for the diversity protection and the development and utilization of macro-basidiomycetes resources in Xingshan County,which could also be used for further study about its ecological value.