A Systematics On Three Genera Of Rhithrogeninae From Mainland Of China (ephemeroptera: Hepatgeniidae)

The family Heptageniidae is known as one of the most species-rich families of mayflies(Ephemeroptera),currently with more than 600 described species in 36 genera.The Rhithrogeninae,one of the three subfamilies of Heptageniidae,distributes widely in Asia.But the previous researchs on Rhithrogeninae lack revisionary work,some currently used characters are not mentioned either.Compared with foreign studies,the knowing of Chinese Rhithrogeninae is very insufficient,so it is urgent to conduct a deep research.In this study,all specimens of three genera in Rhithrogeninae(Epeorus,Paegniodes and Cinygmula)in our collection are examined and classified.As a result,28 species belonging to 6 subgenra of Epeorus,1 species of Paegniodes and 9 species of Cinygmula from China are described in detail.Among them,2 new species Epeorus(Epeorus)hainanensis sp.nov.and Epeorus(Iron)zhejiangensis sp.nov.are found.Our results include additional 10 new record species,they are Epeorus(Proepeorus)aculeatus Braasch,Epeorus(Epeorus)bifurcatus Braasch and Soldán,Epeorus(Epeorus)nguyeni Webb and McCafferty,Epeorus(Belovius)carinatus Braasch and Soldán,Epeorus(Iron)alexantri Kluge and Tiunova,Epeorus(Propeorus)anatolii Sinitshenkova,Cinygmula cava(Ulmer),Cinygmula malaisei(Ulmer),Cinygmula hutchinsoni(Traver),Cinygmula joosti Braasch.In order to understand the subgenera system of Epeorus,we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among 16 Epeorus species(10 species from China and 6 species sequences download from NCBI)using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood based on 2 mitochondrial(COI,16 Sr RNA)and 2 nuclear(H3,28 Sr RNA)gene fragments with Afronurus peringueyi as outgroup.The results show that subgenerae Epeorus and Belovius are not monophyletic.However,the subgenera Iron,Ironopsis and Caucasiron are monophyletic and the relationship among these three subgenra is same as the system based on morphological characteristics.