Multilevel Model Analysis Of Peasant Household’s Income In Henan Province

Henan Province is one of the main grain producing areas in China,which provides an important guarantee for national food security.In recent years,the income of peasant households in Henan Province has been increasing and their living standards have been improved rapidly,but the growth of peasant household’s income has been slowing down,which has attracted attention from all walks of life.The difficulties encountered in the process of peasant household’s income growth in Henan Province are the stumbling blocks to realize a virtuous circle of social and economic development in Henan Province.Studying the influencing factors of peasant household’s income in Henan Province is of great significance to meet the needs of peasant households in Henan Province and to help the Rural Revitalization of Henan Province.At the same time,Henan Province can be taken as a sample for relevant theoretical research.Firstly,this paper combs the relevant theory of peasant household’s income and the research results at home and abroad,and clarifies the starting point of the research.Then based on the survey data of 955 rural households in Henan Province in 2016,this paper explores the impact of different factors on peasant household’s income in Henan Province,including human capital,material capital,cultivated land management characteristics and geographical factors.Combining with the existing research conclusions,this paper determines the basic expectation direction of different factors affecting peasant household’s income,and puts forward theoretical assumptions.This paper then establishes a multi-level regression model of peasant household’s income to verify the hypothetical influence of different factors on peasant household’s income in Henan Province.Among them,this paper divides the influence of geographical factors on peasant household’s income in Henan Province into two parts: direct and indirect.The direct impact is the difference of resource endowments such as cultivated land and forests,and then affects peasant household’s income.The indirect impact is that geographical factors affect peasant household’s income by influencing human capital such as peasant households’ education years and the intensity of non-agricultural activities.The results show that:(1)The total variation of 16.5% of the per capita income of peasant households in Henan Province is caused by the external environment of the villages where peasant households live.(2)After controlling the labor burden coefficient,policy factors,social capital factors and geographical factors,the human capital,material capital and farmland management characteristics of peasant households have a significant positive impact on peasant households’ income.(3)Geographical factors will lead to differences in natural resources endowments such as forests and arable land in the region where peasant households live,and directly affect the income of peasant households.At a significant level of 5%,the per capita income of peasant households living in mountain villages is 34.2% lower than that of those living in plain villages and hilly villages.At a significant level of 1%,the per capita income of peasant households within 10 km from the nearest county town is 34% lower than that of peasant households 10 km from the nearest county town.(4)Geographical factors will affect the human capital,material capital and farmland management characteristics of peasant households.The average years of education of rural labor force have the strongest impact on the per capita income of rural households in mountainous villages,greater than the impact on the per capita income of rural households in hilly villages and plains villages;the average years of education of rural labor force have the greatest impact on the per capita income of rural households within 10 km from the nearest county town.The effect of input is greater than that of per capita income of peasant households 10 kilometers away from the nearest county.The impact of per capita arable land area on per capita income of rural households in mountainous villages is weak,less than that on per capita income of rural households in hilly villages and plain villages.Mountain villages are not conducive to farming farmland with machinery and equipment.Compared with plain villages and hilly villages,the productivity of rural households is lower,and the labor of rural households can not be liberated and transferred to non-agricultural industries.Compared with peasant households 10 kilometers away from the nearest county town,the per capita arable land area of peasant households has a greater impact on the per capita income of peasant households in villages within 10 kilometers away from the nearest county town.The return rate of farmer’s agricultural investment in hilly villages and plain villages is higher than that in mountain villages.Compared with rural households 10 kilometers away from the nearest county town,the total agricultural investment of rural households has less impact on the per capita income of rural households within 10 kilometers from the nearest county town.This paper tests the hypothesis of relevant theories and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the conclusions of the study.It provides policy suggestions and theoretical references for the overall coordinated development of rural economy and the strategy of Rural Revitalization in Henan Province.