Measurement Of Household Income Mobility In China

Income mobility measures the changes of each individual income in a specific group after a period,which expends the way of measuring income inequality from a dynamic perspective,and intertemporal research is the main feature.In the framework of income mobility,the income distributions pattern has changed when the individual in the same position in the distribution is not completely consistent,even if the distribution of income in the two different years of the same group are exactly the same.The higher income mobility can change the inner structure of income distribution in time and space constantly,so the poor have chances to get higher incomes.Therefore,increasing income mobility,especially the upward mobility of low-income groups,can effectively alleviate income imbalance and improve social we fare.This paper takes households as the research elements,with relative income mobility,absolute income mobility,income mobility based on the imbalance of income distribution and the changes of social welfare,and the influence factors of income mobility as the themes,deeply describes the characterization of income mobility evolution about Chinese household income mobility evolution from 1989 to 2016.A multilevel model is used to explore the specific factors that affect income mobility.The contents of the specific sections are as follows:Chapter one is the introduction.It puts forward the realistic background and significance of the research on the income mobility of Chinese household,and confirms the purpose and contents of this paper.Based on this,the frame structure and the innovation points of this paper are given.Chapter two is about literature review.This part mainly reviews the concepts and connotations of income mobility,and categorizes them as the relative income mobility,absolute income mobility,long-term income imbalance and welfare change perspectives income mobility,which to lay a theoretical foundation for the fourth,fifth,sixth chapters of the measurement of income mobility.Then it summarizes the the domestic and foreign research literature,points out the shortcomings and existing problems in current researches,and puts forward the entry point of this paper.Chapter three is the micro data sources and descriptive analysis of Chinese residents' income.The main micro income databases in China are introduced firstly,and then the three databases of Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and Chinese Household Income Project Survey(CHIPS)are illustrated,and the main requirements of the sample are compared.The necessity and importance of measuring income mobility are analyzed.Chapter four focuses on the relative income mobility of Chinese household.Based on the existing measurement methods,two new indexes are constructed from the perspectives of income rank and share change.On this basis,the measurement index system of relative income mobility is constructed to measure the mobility of Chinese household,and the relative income mobility between urban and rural areas as well as among different regions are compared.Chapter five deals with the absolute income mobility of Chinese household.This chapter reviews the existing methods of measuring absolute income mobility firstly,and then proposes a new method from the pro-poor perspective.On the basis of adopting logarithm absolute distance index,logarithmic Euclidean distance index,as well as bias of low-income household logarithmic index to measure the income mobility without direction.According to the changes of the logarithmic index and the pro-poor index,the income mobility with direction is measured.And the absolute income mobility between urban and rural as well as among different regions are compared.Chapter six is about the research of income mobility based on the imbalance of income distribution and the changes of social welfare.The income mobility measurement framework is constructed according to the changes of long-term income imbalances,respectively from the changes of long-term inequality,long-term poverty and long-term polarization.Based on the existing methods of mobility measurement,the innovation methods are proposed from the perspectives of changes of long-term poverty and long-term polarization,and a calculating way of long-term income which taking into account the time value of income in different periods is also proposed.Besides,the decomposition of income rigid index is discussed and decomposed according to urban and rural as well as among different regions.Chapter seven is about the influencing factors of income mobility.The multi-level Logit model is used to analyze the impact of community and family characteristics on income mobility.In the definition of income mobility direction,the changes of income position,income share and income level are all taken into account.Variables reflecting the income characteristics,family characteristics and householder characteristics are selected at the family level.And varibales reflecting the community urbanization level and urbanization process variables are included at the community level.In the section of the empirical analysis,the necessity of establishing the multilevel model and the robustness of the model are tested.Chapter eight consists of the conclusion,suggestion and prospect of the study.This chapter first refines the conclusions of this study,some specific policy suggestions are put forward to enhance and improve the quality of the income mobility according to the results of the empirical study,which provide the beneficial reference for the relevant income distribution policy.Finally,the main directions of the further research are discussed.