Effects Of Climate Change On Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency

Fertilizer is one of the indispensable inputs in agricultural production,but its own soil nutrient elements in the process of agricultural production is often difficult to meet the needs of crop growth,must through the application of chemical fertilizer to make up the chemical elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Although our country's fertilizer production volume is very large,but the efficiency is far lower than the international standard,this means that our country's agricultural production activities there is a great waste of resources,residues in soil fertilizer also caused serious non-point source pollution problems.Nowadays,global climate change has become a recognized fact.Because of its fragile nature,agriculture is very sensitive response to climate change,climate factors such as temperature,precipitation and sunlight through the influence of water content in soil and the change of the nutrient,affects the physiological status of crop and its absorption of soil nutrient,ultimately affect agricultural production.To achieve the goal of zero-growth of fertilizer use until 2020,proposed by the ministry of agriculture,it is necessary to make clear the impact of climate change on the utilization efficiency of agricultural fertilizers in China.Take example of apple production,this paper use the apple industry official statistical data and meteorological data,in perspective of the resource allocation in economics,measure the level of fertilizer use efficiency of apple production in China from a macro level.On this basis,integrated the climatic factors and socio-economic factors into the analysis framework of influencing factors,and mainly analyzed the impact of climate change on the fertilizer loss in China's apple production.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The climate change in China's two major apple regions is obvious.The temperature rise of(1)The climate change in China's two major apple regions is obvious.The temperature rise of apple blossom period and fruit expansion in the two dominant areas exceeded 0.5.The annual precipitation in Bohai bay area is slightly higher than that in the early 1990 s,while the loess plateau region has seen a decline.In Bohai bay area,the duration of illumination is always greater than that of loess plateau,and the gap is still widening.(2)Fertilizer can significantly improve the yield of apple,but the optimal fertilizer rate exist in economic sense,fertilizer usage has exceeded its optimal point after 2008 in apple's dominant region,and its effects is decreased day by day.(3)The comprehensive technical efficiency and fertilizer utilization efficiency of apple production are at a low level in apple's superior region of China.There is a huge waste of fertilizer use in apple's production,especially since 2003,when fertilizer losses began to rise rapidly,until 2014 this trend was growing better.(4)The increase of average temperature and precipitation in apple's flowering period will help to reduce the waste of fertilizer in apple's production.However,the increase in temperature and precipitation in the fruit expansion period is unfavorable to the improvement of fertilizer efficiency.The increase of the light during fruit expansion can improve the utilization ratio of fruit trees to fertilizer.On the basis of the above research,the paper puts forward some measures to reduce theinterest loss of fertilizer and improve the adaptability of agricultural climate from thefollowing three aspects:(1)Cultivate new agricultural operaters and carry out fertilizer technology training actively.The government should carry out relevant policy to attract high-quality talents return to the countryside for employment and entrepreneurship.At the grassroots level,agricultural technicians should actively carry out fertilization training in the countryside,and guide farmers use fertilizer varieties and scientific fertilization rationally.(2)Raise farmers' awareness of climate change and promote adaptation measures for climate change.Let farmers know the relevant meteorological information in a timely manner,and do the defense work early through a variety of channels.(3)Improve the soil environment of the orchard,and recommend the application of agricultural manure.In the process of agricultural fertilization,it is necessary to increase the proportion of agricultural manure and give full play to the improvement of the soil environment in the orchard.