| Hani Terrace World Cultural Landscape heritage is a tourist destinations with great aesthetic value,attracting a large number of tourists from home and abroad for sightseeing.The viewers mainly perceive the landscape of terrace through the visual sense.The destruction of the landscape will bring visual impact to the viewers.Therefore,the protection of the visual landscape is crucial.The prerequisite to realize the effective protection of landscape is to identify the key a reas of landscape protection.This paper takes the terrace and village in the world cultural landscape heritage Area of Hani Terrace as the research object,constructs its visual landscape evaluation model and identifies its protection key area.Finally,according to the zoning results,the landscape protection,management and planning of the area of the Harbin terraced fields are proposed.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)Beauty rating: By using the method of psychological physics(SBE method,SD method),the subjective preference value of 50 professionals on terrace and village was obtained.The results of terrace beauty evaluation show that the sight of the Laohuzui Viewing point boasts the highest landscape quality(0.73),while the view of the Huangcaoling Viewing point has the lowest landscape quality(-0.94).The rankings from highest to lowest are: Laohuzui Viewing Point(0.73)> Duoyishu Viewing Point(0.40)> Malizhai Tea Factory Viewing Point(0.19)> Quanfuzhuang Viewing Point(-0.53)> Bada Viewing Point(-0.52)> Qingkou Viewing Point(-0.67)> Huangcaoling Viewing Point(-0.94).The results of village beauty evaluation show that the quality of the Qingkou landscape is the best(0.698),the Quanfuzhuang landscape quality is the lowest(-1.072).The rankings from highest to lowest are: Qingkou(0.698),Hanixiaozhen(0.697),Pugaolaozhai(0.431),Dayutang(0.319),Huangcaoling(0.022)> Mengpin > Yakou(-0.243)> Azheke(0.729)> Quanfuzhuang(-1.072).According to the different types of villages,the beauty score from the big to the small order is: new National Villages(0.697),the characteristic folk villages(0.483),change the larger villages(-0.391)and the traditional villages(-0.486).The beauty of the village is mainly influenced by 4 landscape features,such as building layout,water quality,color richness,clean sanitation,etc.All of them are positive correlations which can be expressed in F=0.170+0.432x1+0.082x2+0.157x3+0.2x4,where F represents village beauty score and X1~ X4 of the building layout,water quality,color richness,cleanliness and hygiene score.(2)Terrace landscape visual sensitivity assessment: The visual sensitivity of each viewing platform is analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis technology.The results show: The visual sensitivity score of the sights of the Laohuzui Viewing Point is the highest(6.304),the visual sensitivity score of the visual range of the Bada Viewing Platform is the lowest(5.809),and the order of landscape sensitivity from high to low in each viewing point is as follows: Laohuzui(6.304)> Huangcaoling(6.283)> Malizhai Tea Factory(6.050)> Qingkou(5.961)> Quanfuzhuang(5.936)Duoyishu(5.880)> Bada(5.809).(3)Village Accessibility Evaluation: This paper evaluates the traffic accessibility of the main typical villages in the core area of Hani terraced fields by using GIS network analysis technology.The results show: The highest accessibility of the village is Quanfuzhuang,the average transit time is 41 min,the lowest accessibility of the village is the pass,the average transit time is 86.3min,the order of accessibility from high to low in each village is: Quanfuzhuang(41.0min)> Dayutang(41.2min)> Hanixiaozhen(44.0min)> Huangcaoling(46.9min)> Pugao(48.5min)> Qingkou(51.0min)> Mengpin(53.8min)> Azheke(59.1min)> Yakou(86.3min).(4)Identification of key visual landscape areas: By constructing the sensitivity/accessibility-beauty matrix and combining the subjective and objective evaluation results,the key areas of visual landscape protection are identified.The recognition result of the key area of terrace landscape protection shows: For the terrace landscape,the sight and sensitivity of the viewing point at the Laohuzui and Malizhai Tea Factory are both high,where belongs to the key area of visual landscape;the visual sensitivity of the Duoyishu viewing point is low.It has a high degree of beauty where belongs to the natural development zone.Huangcaoling viewing point is highly sensitive to sights and has a low degree of beauty,which belongs to the priority improvement area.The sensitivity and beauty of Bada,Quanfuzhuang and Qingkou are low,which belongs to the second priority improvement area.The identification result of the key area of village landscape protection shows: the 5 villages of Hanixiaozhen,Dayutang,Huangcaoling,Pugaolaozhai,Qingkou,are all high in accessibility and beautiful scenery,which belongs to the key area of visual landscape;Quanfuzhuang has high accessibility and low beauty and it belongs to the priority improvement area;the three villages in Yakou,Mengpin and Azheke are low in accessibility and beauty,Which belong to the sub-priority improvement area. |
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