Landscape Unit Identification And Mapping Research Based On GIS

With the development of tourism and the progress of society,people long for living in a green environment and desire to go back to nature increasingly.Against this backdrop,the forest park has become a hot topic of ecotourism in the 21 st century with its precious landscape resources and beautiful scenery,and it takes a vitally important position in tourism.The development of forest park tourism has brought rich benefits to park departments,as well as damages to the landscape resources of forest.It has been a hot research topic how to develop scenic resources tourism under the premise of protecting forest park resources and make its ecosystems sustainable.Landscape assessment,which is the basis for the effective management of protected areas is the most important section in the protection and development of natural landscape resources.Through the assessment of forest landscape resources,the protection,transformation and utilization of it can be better promoted.The procedures of modern landscape assessment include several parts,which are landscape survey,identification and mapping of landscape units,evaluation by scoring and description,etc.Among those,identification and mapping of landscape units are vitally important,which provide the preliminary support of the landscape assessment and basic object for the assessment.The traditional path of the landscape assessment of forest parks in China are as follows.The subject of assessment conducts empirical judgments on the object of assessment subjectively to identify the beautiful scenery area.While,there are two drawbacks shown as follows.Firstly,people's perception of scenery varies greatly in the stage of landscape identification,making the identification of the value of landscape resources different,which in turn leads to different results in the assessment of the landscape and is even far from the actual situation.Secondly,the boundaries of the scenic spot determined by individual empirical judgments are ambiguous,leading to uncertain boundaries in protection and utilization in the later stage,which goes against the effective management of forest parks.Based on the background above,this article started with the characteristics of surface landscapes.Applying the theory of landscape spatial heterogeneity and landscape mapping technology,identification and mapping of landscape units were studied in this paper by focusing on the Huanggangliang National Forest Park to overcome those drawbacks,from the perspective of visual identification and GIS identification.Firstly,a characteristic identification system for landscape units in forest park was promoted,starting with visual identification and GIS technology,according to landscape spatial heterogeneity theory.Moreover,a deductive research was done using a matrix model.It claims that there are two levels for identification system of landscape units in terms of spatial characteristics,the one of which is the level of spatial combination of landscape units with three dimensions and the other is the level of elements.The level one consists of three types which are landforms,horizontal plants and vertical plants,which can be combined.The level two is the subdivision of the level one,which includes 22 types and is exclusive to be combined for 166 subdivisions in theory.Then,the landscape units identification feature system and GIS technology were used to conduct an empirical study on the landscape unit identification and mapping of Huanggangliang National Forest Park,according to the levels and types of heterogeneity division as well as the combination theory of landscape units.In the end,the feasibility of combination of visual identification and GIS identification system,simplification of landscape units' distributions and mapping were investigated.