Genetic Diversity Research Of Ancient Human Remains In The Central Plains In Yangshao Period

The Yangshao culture is the Neolithic culture first discovered in the Yellow River.Experts believe that the ancientChinese civilizationprobablyemerged and developed in the period of Yangshao culture,according to the agriculture,livestock raising,handicraft,cultural development and social progress.In addition,the Central Plains with the Yangshao culture is the important area to studythe form of ancientChinese civilization and the appearance of country.Archaeologicaldiscover proved that the Central Plains were the central areawhere acted the Chinese nation with the Han nationality as main body from Xia to the Han and Tang dynasties.Therefore,there is no doubt that the deeper research on genetic structure of human remains fromYangshao culture archaeological sites in the Central Plains is very important for us to explore the formation and development of modern Han.In this research,weanalysis Mitochondrial DNA of human remains from fourYangshao culture archaeological sites in the Central Plains-XichuanGouwan site,MianchiDuzhong site and Xishan ancient site,Xi,anBanpo site.The results showed that the examples fromancient Yangshao population in the Central Plains were assigned to 9 haplogroups:A,B,D,F,G Z,M*,M10,and N*.By comparing Mitochondrial DNA sequences of Yangshao population with other ancient populations,we found that the ancient Yangshao residents in Central Plains had close genetic relationship between ancient Yinxu population and ancient Hengbei population,suggesting the ancient Yangshao population might have great genetic contributions to populations later lived in the Central Plains.Meanwhile,analysis of genetic relationship between ancient Yangshao population and modern Chinese population showed that Yangshao population lived in the Central Plains made an important genetic contribution to the Han Chinese,especially to North Han.In summary,Through Mitochondrial DNA analysis of human remains from fourYangshaoculturearchaeological sites in the Central Plains,this paper made a preliminary exploration about genetic structure of the ancient Yangshao people,and explored the genetic contribution to Han Chinese from ancient Yangshao population in the Central Plains on the level of Mitochondrial DNA.