Study On Mitochondrial Genomes Of Ancient Residents In The Qingtai Site,Xingyang,Henan

The Yangshao Culture is an important agricultural culture in the Yellow River basin.The Archaeology,paleoenvironment and other studies have shown that the Yangshao Culture expanded and had extensive influence.However,few studies have tailed the genetic history of populations associated with this culture.Therefore,any genetic studies on this culture will make an important contribution to this field.In this study,we selected human bone samples from the Qingtai site(5500-5000 years ago),Xingyang City,Henan Province with typical characteristics of the Yangshao Culture,and used ancient DNA(a DNA)technology to reconstruct the genetic structure of this population.A total of 72 bone samples from ancient residents of this site were collected,and 60 mitochondrial DNA genomes data were successfully obtained through ancient DNA experiments.Combining the methods of population genetics and bioinformatics,this study explores the maternal genetic history of this typical Yangshao Culture site.Through systematic analysis,we summarize the results and main conclusions as follows:Firstly,the ancient residents of Qingtai have high maternal genetic diversity.Haplogroup identification shows that these ancient residents mainly have haplogroups D4 and D5 as well as haplogroups A,B4,B5,F,G,M9,and M10.These haplogroups can be further assigned into 35 haplotypes;Secondly,the ancient residents of Qingtai have a close maternal genetic connection with ancient populations in the surrounding areas.These ancient populations are mainly distributed in the Yellow River and West Liao River basins,including the ancient Shandong populations who after 4600 years ago showed an obvious maternal genetic connection with the ancient Qingtai residents;Thirdly,the ancient residents of Qingtai and the present-day Han have close maternal genetic connection.The multi-analysis results show that this population of the Yangshao Culture contributed to the maternal genetic diversity of the present-day Han.This study is the first large-scale genetic study on a Yangshao Culture site,providing important evidence for clarifying the genetic history and dynamics of the Yangshao Culture population.The study also provides important data and serves as a case study for further exploring the genetic history of the Yangshao Culture population.