Phylogeny And Sequential Analysis On Mitogenomes Of Five Species Of Insects Belonging To Auchenorrhynchain In Tea Plantations

The insects of Auchenorrhyncha belong to Hemiptera of Exopterygota of Pterygota of Insecta of Arthropoda,the most of which were agricultural and forestry pests.Up to March 2017,there were only mitochondrial genomes of 37 species of insects in the NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information)database,which were far from enough for research on the large populations of Auchenorrhyncha.The complete mitogenome of Tambocerus sp.,B.ferruginea and 90%mitogenome(trnQ-trnV)of K.paulula,C.viridis,A.maritime were sequenced and analyzed in this study.Sequencing results were analyzed by sequence splicing and gene annotation that obtained the mitogenome.The results are as follows:(1)The length of complete mitogenome of Tambocerus sp.and B.ferruginea respectively are 15,955 bp and 15,262 bp.The length of K.paulula,C.viridis,A.maritima respectively are 13,579 bp,13,461 bp and 13,725 bp.All the mitogenomes show significant AT preference;AT skew and GC skew are opposite in four leafhoppers(AT-skew>0,GC-skew<0),but the same in A.maritime(AT-skew>0,GC-skew>0).The 15 genes were encoded on the minority strand,others were encoded on the the majority strand;The other genes are same to the mitogenomes of Tambocerus sp.and B.ferruginea.It is usually happened in gene overlaps and gene intervals.It was 7 bp(ATGATAA)overlap between ATP8/ATP6;It was also 7 bp(TTAACAT)overlap between ND4/ND4L except K.paulula.(2)In addition to using the standard ATN as the start codon,also using GTT as the start codon.All of the protein-coding genes use TAA or TAG as the termination codon and use TA or T as the incomplete termination codon.NNU and NNA use the highest frequency.The codons in NNU and NNA were mostly used.The tRNA in each mitogenome is the absence of T?C arm or DHU arm more or less,G=U weakly coordination and A=A,U=U,C=A,U=C mismatches are common existing.The directions and arrangement order are exactly the same in all genes.Compared with the mitogenome of L.curius,only trnM has a displacement.There are very few genetic codons that are rich in GC bases.The repeat unions existed in the control region and typical microsatellite structures(TA)_n of Tambocerus sp.and B.ferruginea mitogenome.(3)Combining with the sequences of 40 species of insect mitogenome in the GenBank database,phylogenetic trees of Auchenorrhyncha and Hemiptera were reconstructed using maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian method(BI).The BI(Bayesian)and ML(Maximum Likelihood)trees using the 13PCGs amino acid sequence are more reliable in the phylogenetic trees of Auchenorrhyncha,Membracoidea,Cercopoidea and Fulgoroidea were interrelated relationship.The results showed in the phylogenetic tree of Hemiptera that the branche of Psylloidea was clearly to find the error,probably because the numbers of Psylloidea were few.The results of the BI trees are basically the same,Auchenorrhyncha was monophyly,Sternorrhyncha and Coleorrhyncha were monophyly,Heteroptera was an independent branch.The results of the ML tree are quite different:The results of the nucleotide sequence based on 13PCGs and 16S rRNA showed similar results to BI trees.Parts of the results was discussed to the traditional view,maybe the reason is less and uneven species of mitogenome.The faster evolution rate of Sternorrhyncha faster leaded to the“Long branch attraction”,it may have an impact on the results of BI trees and ML trees.Therefore,to determine large numbers of mitogenomes is necessary for the study of the phylogenetical relationship of Auchenorrhyncha and Hemiptera.It was considered that Tambocerus sp.belongs to Tambocerus(Cicadellidae),B.ferruginea belongs to Bothrogonia(Cicadellidae),K.paulula belongs to Kolla(Cicadellidae),C.viridis belong to Cicadella(Cicadellidae),A.maritime belongs to Aphrophora(Cercopidae).Sequential analysis on Mitogenomes of insects of Auchenorrhyncha was worthy of investigating the phylogenetic development of Auchenorrhyncha.The mitogenomes of five species of insects of Auchenorrhyncha were determined,which was referred for research on phylogenesis of insects of Auchenorrhyncha and Hemiptera.