Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of The Tribe Erythroneurini Worldwide Based On Selected Representative Genera(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Typhlocybinae)

A global taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the typhlocybine tribe Erythroneurini using representative genera from different zoogeographical realms was conducted.The classification changes of Erythroneurini and a vast majority of the taxonomic literature were reviewed.The state of current knowledge in this group was introduced,and research needsand difficulties were discussed.The dissertation includes three main parts:taxonomy,geographical distribution and molecular phylogeny.Taxonomic study was carried out based on external morphological characters of adults and their male genitalia.Seventy genera and 194 species were identified,including 6 genera 15 species from the Palearctic realm,43 genera 132 species from the Oriental realm,4 genera 4 species from the Australian realm,14 genera 28 species from the Afrotropical realm,8 genera 17 species from the Nearctic realm and 2 genera 3 species from the Neotropical realm.Six new genera,1 new subgenus and 55 new species were established,13 genera and 32 species were newly recorded(5 genera 23 species for China,2 genera 2 species for Thailand,1 genus for Indonesia,3 genera 5 species for Congo,1 genus for Cameroon,2 genera 3 species for Central African Republic),and 9 new combinations and 4 new specific synonyms were proposed.New genera/subgenus:Conspinalis;Hamata;Kusalides;Laminaris;Levigata;Projecta;Excrescens;New species:Accacidia campylura;Alnetoidia(Alnella)parisidefecta;A.(s.str.)gracilis;Anufrievia adaucta;A.apicalis;A.expansa;A.jinghongensis;A.parisakazu;A.quadrata;A.subdentata;A.symmetrica;A.triangulata;Baya lata;Coloana accrescens;C.orthoprocessa;C.recta;C.sinuata;Conspinalis longa;Gladkara furcata;Hamata coralliformis;Imbecilla bifurca;Kusala parisisalicis;Kusalides directa;K.sinualis;Laminaris angusta;L.cuspidigera;L.serriformis;L.tenuis;Lamtoana curta;Levigata arboreus;Lublinia anchoroides;Mitjaevia asymmetrica;M.gracilis;M.lamelliformis;M.trigonia;Molopopterus hastata;M.ugandica;Nlunga(Excrescens)brevis;N.(E.)chaiyahumica;N.(E.)dentata;N.(E.)indonesica;N.(E.)magna;N.(E.)triquetra;N.(E.)ulterior;Nsesa achaeta;Pettya tenuis;Projecta auriculata;P.brevis;P.depressa;P.draciformis;Pseudothaia forcipata;Thapaia tibetensis;Zinga laminaris;Zyginama sinualis;Zyginopsis longiprocessa;Newly recorded genera:for China:Balanda Dworakowska,1979;Dorycnia Dworakowska,1972;Gladkara Dworakowska,1995;Kaukania Dworakowska,1972;Zyginopsis Ramakrishnan&Menon,1973;for Thailand:Anufrievia Dworakowska,1970;Nlunga Dworakowska,1974;for Indonesia:Nlunga Dworakowska,1974;for Republic of Congo:Ivorycoasta Dworakowska,1972;Lamtoana Dworakowska,1972;Lublinia Dworakowska,1970;for Cameroon:Nsesa Dworakowska,1974;for Central African Republic:Nsimbala Dworakowska,1974;Szymczakowskia Dworakowska,1974;Newly recorded species:for China:Alnetoidia(s.str.)sikkimensis Dworakowska,1994;Anufrievia badjawae Dworakowska,1976;A.zelta Dworakowska,1977;Arboridia(s.str.)kakogawana(Matsumura,1932);A.(s.str.)maculifrons(Vilbaste,1968);A.(s.str.)suputinkaensis(Vilbaste,1968);A.(s.str.)suzukii(Matsumura,1916);Balanda kara Dworakowska,1979;Dorycnia vietnamica Dworakowska,1979;Empoascanara(s.str.)plamka Dworakowska,1979;Gambialoa(s.str.)borealis Dworakowska,1981;Gladkara albida Dworakowska,1995;Kaukania anser Dworakowska,1972;Mitjaevia diana(Distant,1918);Salka kerzhneri Dworakowska,2006;Seriana dentata Sohi&Mann,1992;Seriana malaica Dworakowska,1978;Tautoneura mukla Dworakowska,1981;Yakuza sumatrana Dworakowska,2002;Z.dworakowskae(Anufriev,1970);Ziczacella lyrifora(Dlabola,1968);Z.steggerdai(Ross,1965);Zyginopsis verticalis(Ahmed,1970);for Thailand:Anufrievia badjawae Dworakowska,1976;Empoascanara(s.str.)dissimilis Dworakowska,1992;for Republic of Congo:Ivorycoasta pulchra Dworakowska,1972;Lamtoana flavoscuta(Naude,1926);Lublinia acaciae Einyu&Ahmed,1982;Molopopterus parajota Dworakowska,1973;Molopopterus steeleae(Ross,1965);for Central African Republic:Imbecilla cretinica Dworakowska,1974;Nsimbala kinlaza Dworakowska,1974;Szymczakowskia linnavuorii Dworakowska,1974;New combinations:Nlunga(Excrescens)australis(Dworakowska&Viraktamath,1979);N.(E.)decembris(Dworakowska,1984);N.(E.)formosana(Matsumura,1932);N.(E.)infumata(Kuoh,1982);N.(E.)maxima(Dworakowska,1976);N.(E.)mengyanga(Song&Li,2012);N.(E.)obtusa(Dworakowska&Viraktamath,1979);N.(E.)ryukyuensis(Ohara,2010);N.(E.)sinuata(Chiang&Knight,1990)New synonyms:Elbelus yunnanensis Chou&Ma,1981(=Elbelus tripunctatus Mahmood,1967);Elbelus melianus Kuoh,1992(=Elbelus tripunctatus Mahmood,1967);Thaia(Nlunga)anchora Song&Li,2008(=Parathaia infumata Kuoh,1982);Thaia oryzivora Ghauri,1962(=Thaia(Thaia)subrufa(Motschulsky,1863))The geographical statistics of 200 erythroneurine genera 1852 species(including 6 new genera 55 new species)revealed the uneven distribution in different zoogeographical regions.The Oriental realm showed the greatest generic and specific richness,whereas the lowest number of recorded genera and species were suggested from Neotropical and Australian realm respectively.The Chinese Erythroneurini was mainly distributed in Southwest and Southern China.This is the first molecular phylogenetic study of global Erythroneurini.The study was based on 3 genes(nuclear genes 28S rDNA divergent domains D2-D3,histone and mitochondrial 16S rDNA)of 58 genera 73 species,using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods.The results supported Erythroneurini as monophyletic and suggested the Oriental realm should be the center of origin.