Urban Morphology Of Yihe District In Nanjing During The Republic Of China Based On Cadastral Maps

Since Sun Yat-sen became provisional president of the republic of China in 1912 and set Nanjing as the capital,there were 7 overall urban planning about Nanjing,and the most important of which is The City Plan of Nanking.It is the earliest modern urban planning in China and the most important urban planning during the period of the republic of China.As precious few district built according to The City of Nanking,Yihe district is the living fossil of both architecture and planning history in the republic of China.This district was the highest level of residential area in the republic of China,and was considered "one Yihe road,half of the history of the republic of China".Research on the urban morphology of Yihe district can not only help deep understand the planning and construction of the republic of China from a quantitative point of view,but also provide scientific and reasonable basis for the protection and reconstruction of Yihe historic district and old city zone of Nanjing.Using cadastral maps with high accuracy in the republic of China as data source,this paper firstly scanned and digitalized these maps,and evaluated the accuracy of the digitalized result.This paper also analyzed the possible sources of error combined with historical documents.And then,considering the particularity of cadastral maps of the republic of China compared with modern cadastral maps,this paper researched on how to design the cadastral maps database in the republic of China in order to better organize and manage the data.Then based on urban morphology theory of conzenian school,this paper analyzed the geometric and topological characteristics of street system,the size,shape and direction of lots,the building density,floor area ratio and the type of buildings in Yihe district.Based on the morphology results of Yihe district,this paper contrast with the planning of this district in order to analyze the enforcement during the construction.The results showed below:(1)After promulgating a series of cadastral survey technique regulations,the technical standards and methods of the cadastral surveys were unified,which made the traditional cadastral survey into a modern graphical cadastral.The process of cadastral survey in the republic of China was almost the same as modern cadastral survey and the accuracy of measurement was relatively high.(2)As the highest level of residential district in the republic of China,the overall morphology of Yihe district showed a low rise courtyard block with high road density and homogeneous plots.The street system in the north of Beiping road was grid pattern and the south of Beiping road was radial pattern.The road density was much higher than its surrounding street system and the streets were closely connected to each other,so the internal and external traffic was very convenient.The lots were almost the same size and rectangular shape,which were appropriate for courtyard.Land use types were mainly for urban residential and public service sites,such as schools and parks.The type of buildings in this district were mainly western style,with 25.33%of average building density and 41.24%of averagefloor area ratio.(3)In the construction process of Yihe district,the urban planning was strictly complied,the street pattern,the land use and so on were in line with planning requirements.The grid and radial pattern of street system,the small block and western style confirmed the principle of "using both the scientific planning from western countries and advantages of Chinese architecture" from The City Plan of Nanking.