| Since firstly introduced by Grameen Bank in 1970 s,microfinance has been widely popularized as an efficient means of eliminating poverty in a market-oriented way among developing countries.In China,from partial learning as a reference in 1980 s to a formal introduction in 1990 s and a continuing development to now,the functions of micro-credit have been continuously extended and completed and has prominently stood out in the poverty alleviation and development.In 2013,the Chinese Central Government vigorously put forward the precision poverty relief strategy with a goal of helping lift more than 70 million poor people out of poverty by 2020.Since then,for many regions,to win the fight against poverty has become the key layout of work,and even "first-class event".For Sichuan province,the task of poverty alleviation is extremely arduous.Poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance fit in with the poverty relief concepts of realizing poverty reduction through development projects and strength the self-restoration ability of the poor group,and has a functional advantage of being accurate to households.As an important tool and a breakthrough for financial poverty alleviation,it is very critical and significant that the propulsion of poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance is led by banking industry.It is not only a method but also a requirement to change from being extensive to being precise.It is not an easy step.Through the research of this paper,the author tries to summarize the experience and problems and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for Sichuan banking industry to develop poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance more efficiently and accurately.This paper firstly explicates the importance and necessity of developing poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance by introducing its background and significance.Secondly,this paper explains the very basic theories of microfinance,discusses its definition and clarifies the connotation and extension of the research object.Then,it recalls,compares and analyzes the development course and mode of poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance at home and abroad,along with introducing the "Gansu experience mode" of poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance in domestic banking industry.In the main part of the paper,it focuses on introducing the basic situation of poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance in Sichuan banking industry,including policy support,market structure and main practices.Afterwards,a specialized chapter ensues to analyze the problems and risks during the development of relative operations in Sichuan,including analyzing the lagging factors from aspects of supply and demand;analyzing the function variation risk of poverty alleviation on the lack of accuracy to the household,the deviation of usage,low efficiency and government misconduct;analyzing potential loan risk on credit,operation and compliance.Finally,guided by theory researches and the problems and risks,combining with comparison and reference of advanced model,the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on how to solve the problems and sustainably develop poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance in Sichuan,including defining its function,its position,development principle and development model;in the micro-mechanism design,clarifying the function division of main participants,promoting diversified credit models,pricing cyclical interest rate;optimizing and improving the basic environment and supporting mechanisms,executing differentiated supervision and guidance.The possible innovation of this paper lies in the study of the practical operation of microfinance in the specific region from the perspective of banking industry,combined with a background of precision poverty relief,especially the structural analysis between supply and demand.At the same time,combining his own direct experience of the field survey led by government departments and banking institutions of some parts of Sichuan,the author analyzes the specific operating situation of poverty-alleviation-oriented microfinance in details,including target assessment,fund arrangement and interest rate pricing and discuss the methodology of carrying out the work from practical experience,which is the significance of this paper as a practical paper.However,a comprehensive and systematic study of microfinance requires further researches and a large number of materials and case evidence.As this paper focuses on practice,while limited within the level of cognition and researches,all of those factors have affected the depth of the theories.Meanwhile,the bias on descriptive analysis of the theories in research method makes this paper fail to design a model for quantitative analysis,coupled with the limited comprehension and accuration data acquisition,resulting in insufficient support for the conclusion,which are the limitations and shortcomings of this paper. |
