| China is currently in the stage of overcoming difficulties on building moderately prosperous society.Targeted poverty alleviation is an important national strategy.In the context of Targeted poverty alleviation,how to optimize the rural microfinance business in China? As a poverty alleviation model that has achieved great success internationally,the Grameen model has also been introduced to China and has gained great attention from the society.The cooperation project between Grameen Bank and Fudian Bank has inspired the development of rural microfinance in China.This paper compares and analyzes the difference between targeted poverty alleviation policy and traditional poverty alleviation policy through reviewing relevant researches in China and abroad and elaborates the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on rural microfinance business,which requires rural microfinance to innovate in terms of concepts,systems and means.In addition,this paper summarizes the characteristics of the development stages of rural microfinance business in China,and summarizes the current process of microfinance business.Besides,this paper analyzes the existing problems of rural microfinance in China and finds that the coverage of the poor population in the pre-loan stage of China’s rural micro-credit business needs a significant improvement.The loan process design is not enough to grasp the characteristics of the poor;The social benefits of the post-loan phase still need to be improved.Then,based on the long tail theory,information asymmetry theory and credit rationing theory,this paper analyzes the causes of the problem.In order to solve the problem,this paper puts forward several critical optimization measures.Based on the principles of typicality,representativeness and availability,this paper adopts the single case study method to make an in-depth case analysis of the Fudian-Grameen poverty alleviation loan project.The study finds that the Fudian-Grameen poverty alleviation loan project actively established contact with the local society in the pre-loan stage,maximized the use of external resources to help itself carry out business in the local area,and attached great importance to the means of carrying out work with the poor in the process of conducting business.In the stage of loan,the work should be carried out in the form of group.Firstly,the group should be established step by step.Secondly,the group should receive formal and regular training.In the post-loan stage,the right of post-loan verification is empowered to each participant of the project,and the efficiency of post-loan audit is improved by using external resources.In addition,an interest incentive mechanism with Chinese characteristics is designed to alleviate the burden of the poor.Through the analysis of the business process of the case,four inspirations are obtained: first,adhere to center on providing targeted help for the poor;Second,change concepts and pursue the social benefits of poverty alleviation;Third,pay attention to innovation and explore diversified risk prevention measures;Fourth,be flexible and make the most of the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.Based on the findings obtained from the case analysis,this paper puts forward the optimization measures of rural microfinance business in China.First,rural microfinance needs to build a social network to enhance business capabilities.It mainly promotes rural microfinance products through external forces,assists loan evaluation with a local acquaintance social network,and integrates social resources to increase the gold content of credit products.Second,optimize business processes by combining the characteristics of the poor.Mainly,the business processing cycle should meet the production and management needs of the poor;the business handling form should be close to the living habits of the poor;the business handling process pays attention to the feelings of the poor.Rationally use the credit rating under social capital,input social capital to reduce labor costs,and develop and strengthen the power of social capital.Third,use social capital to improve post-lending supervision.Mainly to rationally use the credit rating under social capital,to replace human capital with social capital,to develop and strengthen the power of social capital. |
