Research For Floating Parking Pricing Model Based On System Equilibrium Theory

Parking charge is an important means of parking demand management,the dynamic flow of the car in the city central area and the residents travel mode choice are affected by a reasonable parking price rate and then the parking demand is effectively allocated in time and space.Due to the expansion of the central area,the increased motorization level and traffic congestion,the role of the fixed parking price strategy which is supplied in the parking supply and demand balance adjustment and the dynamic traffic network equilibrium becomes gradually weakened.The research object of this paper is achieving more reasonably coordinated utilization between parking resources and road resources by floating parking pricing,Firstly,analyzing the influencing factors of parking choice behavior,the utility function of parking choice and the Logit model are established according to the process of the residents parking choice data.Secondly,according to the parking stated preference survey data,the parking choice behavior model is calibrated,and the respective functional relationships between the parking price and the probability of selection,the parking traffic flow are calculated.The results of the calibration show that the parking choice behavior is most sensitive to the change of the parking price.Hence,optimizing the parking price can affect the travelers' parking choice behavior.Thirdly,the maximum parking choice utility was taken as the decision target,the equilibrium of the parking occupancy rate and the road saturation were taken as the constraints,the optimization model of floating parking fee was set up.The model took the social benefit of parking fees which includes the economic benefit of parking fees,travel benefit and parking search benefit as the evaluation index.The optimization model was solved by sequential quadratic programming method,finally,the feasibility and validity of the model was verified by an example.The findings obtained from this study are following: floating parking fee can actualize the traffic assignment equilibrium and the parking occupancy rate equilibrium,and the social benefit of parking fees can be increased by 138% compared to the fixed parking price strategy.The regulation effect of floating parking fee on parking system was better than that of road system.When floating parking fee makes the road system and parking system tend to equalizing,the social benefit of parking fees is optimized.These findings provided a theoretical and practical reference to parking resources equilibrium and the relief of traffic congestion.