The Formation Of Marx’s Production Price And Its Philosophy Methodology

The transformation problem is that Marx studied the capitalist production process,from the value of the previous period to the change of the production price in the later period.According to the original text constructed by Marx’s theory of production price,this article mainly focuses on the historical construction process of Marx’s production price theory and the unique methodological connotation of theoretical construction.We explored the philosophical methodology for solving the transformation problem and further clarified the pivotal role of the production price theory in Marx’s labor value theory.As far as the construction of the text is concerned,the writing logic of Marx in the "Manuscript of Economics,1857-1848" was based on "capital generality" and only discussed certain concepts concerning production price theory(such as profit and production cost,average profit),regardless of structural logic or specific content,which is not the real birthplace of production price,but the sprouting period;In"1861-1863 Economic Manuscript"(the theory of surplus value),Marx found that Ricardo didn’t see or even deliberately neglected absolute rent by studying and analyzing classical economics,especially Ricardo’s rent theory.He believes that the main source of its theoretical contradictions is the absence of necessary intermediaries.He presupposes the existence of average profits,and thus cannot see the scientific development from value to production prices.As a result,Marx put forward his own production price theory to overcome the "Value is determined by labor and equal capital gains conflict between equal profits" encountered by classical economics.Finally,in the third volume of "Das Kapital",Marx put forward the concept of cost price,and further elaborated the law of the decline in the rate of profit,making this theory more perfect.As for the unique method of Marx’s theory construction,this article mainly analyzes from abstract to concrete,logic and historical consistency.Most of the debates in the Western academic circles on the transformation issue have focused on the core dispute areas in Marx’s various arguments and related detailed economic calculations,trying to find calculation errors in them.Then based on this perspective,the so-called "transformation problem" is completely reduced to a pure solution or algorithm problem that is not related to philosophical methodology.However,the examples are only concrete examples.The calculation itself has no logical connotation.It can only be attached to theory to make sense.When the abstract operating rules at the category level are translated into such a concrete expression,it is inevitable that deviations will occur.Excessive entanglement in the calculation of the actual deviation is actually a departure from the logic of the law itself,deviating from the existence of the essence itself;On the other hand,although the general laws govern the trajectory of the development of social history,the mode of action is not so obvious,but it takes effect with an indefinable average.Therefore,the transposition problem should be understood in the overall framework of Marx’s construction of political economy.We must not abandon the unique methodological connotation of Marx’s analysis of the problem.We must not rigidly stick to the chapters in the third volume of the "Das Kapital" that finally shed light on the law.Instead,we must fully grasp the development of the production price theory.In addition,this article also makes a brief comment on the crisis doctrine caused by the decline in the profit rate of the American radical schools(mainly Paul Swiec and Paul Balan).