| Abundant knowledge spillovers and a large number of innovative activities are the main characteristics of an innovation cluster as a knowledge cluster.On the one hand,it brings competitive advantages to an enterprise and on the other hand it enhances the competitiveness of the entire innovation cluster.How to continuously improve the innovation ability of innovation cluster through knowledge spillover has become the focus of research in related fields.Most existing researches think that knowledge spillover among enterprises is an unconscious behavior.This kind of unconscious knowledge can accelerate the development of cluster innovation and promote the development of cluster innovation network,and also easily lead to the phenomenon of "free riding".In fact,in order to dilute the negative effect of passive and unconscious knowledge spillover,knowledge spillover has strong knowledge transfer initiative and new knowledge creation willingness in patent trading,labor market and cooperative research and development of knowledge products.This paper defines the active and voluntary knowledge spillover among enterprises in the innovation cluster as a conscious knowledge spillover.Starting from the motivation of enterprises in innovation cluster,on the basis of the existing research and drawing on behavioral science theory,this paper carries out conceptual definition and dimension division of conscious knowledge spillover.On this basis,we developed a relatively reliable scale to measure conscious spillover through a combination of interview and empirical analysis.This article can be divided into three parts according to the actual research situation:The first part is to form the concept and dimension of conscious knowledge spillover.Based on the comparison with the traditional knowledge spillover,combining with the actual situation of knowledge spillover among enterprises in innovation cluster,this paper makes a conceptual definition of the conscious knowledge spillover.And verify the proposed concept through qualitative research such as in-depth interviews.The second part builds the initial scale of conscious knowledge spillover.Based on the existing research,this paper chooses the crowd of R&D personnel,technology management personnel and cluster research institutes as samples,collects the key events of the enterprise's knowledgeable spillover through the interview method.Then classify and organize the events,finally construct the initial scale of conscious knowledge spillover.Next,carry out a small-scale pre-research,and take 50 R&D and management personnel of innovative cluster enterprises as research objects.Through preliminary research,we will make changes to ambiguous and semantic problems in the initial scale.The initial scale of conscious knowledge overflow with 19 items is obtained.The third part.is to determine the final scale of conscious knowledge spillover through statistics and test of large sample data.Taking Liaoning,Shandong,Tianjin and other places as examples,a large sample of enterprises in the innovation cluster was selected to disseminate 600 questionnaires to key special persons in 600 enterprises and 480 valid questionnaires were collected.First of all 480 questionnaires were randomly divided into two groups,by independent T test no significant difference.Then select the first group of 240 questionnaires,we call the A group of data for exploratory factor analysis,the second group of 240 questionnaires,which we call the B group data,used to do first-order confirmatory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis.Finally,the reliability and validity of the scale test.Through the above steps,delete one item in the scale,the remaining 18 items.Based on this,this paper constructs the concept of conscious knowledge spillover,and defines the conscious spillover of knowledge in innovative clusters as:On the basis of establishing the patent transaction with other enterprises and collaborating on the research and development of knowledge products,the enterprise voluntarily provides its own knowledge to the cooperators to realize a kind of knowledge behavior of new knowledge creation.Divided the dimension of conscious knowledge spillover and determined its scale.The structure of conscious knowledge spillover includes three dimensions:spillover will,spillover preparation,and spillover behavior.These three dimensions form the core of spillover of conscious knowledge.Finally,the author puts forward the conclusion of this paper,and shows the scope of using the scale of knowledge spillover developed in this paper,pointing out that the research in this paper is not enough and the future research direction. |
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