The Carbon Emission Cost Accounting Of Electric Generating Sets And Its Application In Life Cycle Cost

In the background of carbon emissions trading,the external environmental impact of GHG emissions is gradually translated into internal costs of the enterprise,which will have an impact on the development of industries or the economic costs of enterprises.At present,China is in the process of building a unified national carbon trading market and has announced the latest construction framework and related mechanism contents.Power generation industry,as a large source of GHG emission,is an important participant in the carbon market.Under the trend of low-carbon economy,the research content of this paper mainly includes two parts:(I)Define the concept and accounting methodology of carbon emission costs,and quantitatively analyze the economic impact of carbon trading on generator sets;(II)Integrate carbon emission costs into the traditional cost accounting categories to build a more comprehensive life cycle cost(LCC)model,which is adopted in cost evaluation of thermal,wind,photovoltaic electric generating sets.Based on the core mechanism of the carbon emission accounting method and quota allocation scheme,a carbon emission cost accounting method for generating sets has been proposed and the quota cost of different types of generating units was quantitatively analyzed.The case calculation results show that when the quota allocation is free,the quota cost(or gain)per kilowatt hour of the electricity supply is-0.0158～0.0015 RMB/kWh,while,it’s-0.0143～0.0031 RMB/kWh in the scenario of 5%quota purchased.Further analysis shows that installed capacity,load rate,fuel type and power generation ways are the main factors in the carbon trading behavior of generator sets.The high-pressure units with installed capacity less than 300 MW is facing greater pressure on GHG emissions.On the contrary,high-load unit,mixed waste or sludge circulating fluidized bed unit and cogeneration units occupy the quota advantage.The life cycle cost model of thermal,wind,photovoltaic electric generating sets under the background of carbon trading has been constructed combined with the field research.Regarding the difficulty of estimating maintenance times,Weibull distribution theory,which is based on equipment reliability theory and most suitable for the failure prediction of power generation equipment,is selected to estimate the average maintenance time interval of power generation equipment.Weibull distribution parameters and maintenance frequency can be calculated by MATLAB,thus gaining the maintenance cost calculation model.Finally,carbon emission cost was applied to LCC and the case study of electric generating sets has been carried out.For the 600MW supercritical,600MW ultra-supercritical and 1000MW ultra-supercritical thermal power units of different manufacturers,when the quota purchased ratio is 5%,the proportion of carbon emission cost in LCC is 6.96%～7.81%,5.01%～6.08%,5.38%～5.96%,respectively.Taking a wind farm and photovoltaic power station in Northwest China as an example,after considering the emission gains from certification,the LCC of wind and photovoltaic generating sets with unit installed capacity will be reduced by 1.44%and 0.71%.In carbone trading market,thermal power enterprises will undertake higher production costs,and should establish the management system of carbon emission and quota to participate in carbon trading market actively.While,new energy enterprises such as wind power and photovoltaic can speed up their development through carbon trading.