| The eighteenth Party Congress report put forward that to promote the building of ecological civilization,to reverse the trend of ecological environment deterioration,the construction of ecological civilization,are the future of people's well-being,concerns national long-term strategy.Document NO.1 of the Central Government in 2015 present to strengthen agricultural ecological management,improve the ecological compensation system.Ecological system as a life support system,provide service for human survival and development,the protection forest system service function of desert ecological balance and maintain social and economic development plays an irreplaceable natural barrier function.Natural conditions in southern Xinjiang region is severe,the threat of cultivated land,the sand and salt is larger,woodland and grassland and other land resources are very important.Not only benefit the local ecological environment produced by the benefit,but also benefit the surrounding,downstream and even wider area.Southern Xinjiang region ecological protection and construction,ecological security is the important guarantee.Compound mode of protection forest ecological system,break the traditional single mode of operation of farmland protection forest,can not only improve the climate,preventing natural disasters,impact on farmland soil and hydrology,increase production capacity,composition of composite structure in the body and the diversity of products,composite pattern shelter forest is advantageous to the adjustment of farmland protection forest system,improve the system function, and to the realization of farmland shelterbelt maximum economic benefit,social benefit and ecological benefit.In this paper,from the macroscopic and microscopic,big range combined with a small angle,respectively to estimate the Aksu region planting fruit-ecological compound mode of ecological value and cotton-walnut-poplar,cotton-red jujube-euphrates poplar and cotton-jujube-walnut three different kinds of composite model of ecological service value and environmental cost in the third group,and conduct a survey about the ecological environment and protection forest protection and residents' desire and pay level of ecological compensation questionnaire,mainly including the following conclusions:(1)In measuring the composite pattern value of Aksu area,mainly from two aspects:the direct value and indirect value,and focus on the analysis of the study area in 2008 and 2013,the dynamic changes of the ecological value of this model.Results show that in 2008 and 2013,the ecosystem service function value of compound model in Aksu region are 23.662 billion yuan and 33.116 billion yuan,which accounts for GDP proportion respectively is 86.64%and 67.33%in the study area,and its indirect value is much higher than the direct value;The indirect value of farmland is the highest, in the two years,the indirect value proportion of the total value is as high as 93.69%,98.33%respectively.The second is the economic forest,from 2008 to 2013,its indirect value declined 487 million yuan.Finally,the importance of ecological shelter forest to protection and conservation role of farmland and the ecological environment is highlighting gradually.(2)In measuring the composite model of ecological value in the third group,based on local actual, combing the cotton,red jujube,walnut and poplar populus euphratica to estimate value of three different composite model.Three different composite pattern of cotton-walnut-poplar,cotton-red jujube-euphrates poplar and cotton-jujube-walnut have great ecological benefit,the ecological value are 708.89×106?215.915×106 ? 769.76×106yuan,the protection of soil and water conservation ecosystem service function highlight to reduce water loss and soil erosion,inhibition of soil salinization,and desertification,improve thelocal climate,alleviate water shortages,and even the whole ecological environment in Aksu region plays a vital role.From a long-term point of view,not only can alleviate the fragile ecological environment in the study area,and will improve the efficiency of the local economy.(3)Calculating from the environmental costs of carbon reduction,the environmental costs of using chemicals,value of biodiversity loss cost and related water and labor costs through decompose summation,the three different composite pattern of environmental cost of cotton-walnut-poplar,cotton-red jujube-euphrates poplar and cotton-jujube-walnut are respectively 47.64×106?38.77×106? 55.35×106yuan,In the three different composite model,the cotton-jujube-walnut model of environmental cost is highest,followed by cotton-walnut-poplar mode,cotton-jujube-euphratica mode environment cost is the minimum.In three kinds of compound mode,the environmental costs of cotton is highest,the environmental costs of two kinds economic forest of jujube and walnut trees,poplar populus euphratica environment cost minimum.(4)By respondents in ecological environment protection,protection forest ecological benefits,and intend to ecological compensation and pay level survey analysis,residents'environmental awareness and consciousness of ecological compensation are higher,while the respondents' willingness to compensation is higher,but the Ability to pay ecological compensation is weak,In market compensation mode of individual to assume is difficult to arouse the enthusiasm of conservationists.Therefore,the ecological compensation should also be the government compensation to give priority to.Based on different agroforestry system of ecological service value and environmental cost estimates,and the sample area residents of agroforestry system ecological benefit and the willingness to pay after investigation and analysis,Suggestions were put forward from the following several aspects:(1)the scientific evaluation and estimation of agroforestry systems as well as the value of the ecosystem and environment cost;(2)to develop environmental protection ecological payment system,realize the internalization of external value;(3)improve the forest coverage rate,effectively controlling hazards of sand and soil and water loss;(4)raising farmers' understanding of agricultural pollution problem severity and consciousness,scientific application of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and other production data;(5)to establish ecological payment standard,should also give full consideration to the cultural quality of local residents and income level,should be following. |
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